Gulu loyang'anira dera limatha kutchedwa bolodi losindikizidwa kapena bolodi losindikizidwa, ndipo dzina lachingerezi ndi PCB. Mapangidwe amadzi onyansa a PCB ndi ovuta komanso ovuta kuwachiritsa. Momwe mungachotsere bwino zinthu zovulaza ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe ndi ntchito yayikulu yomwe ikukumana ndi makampani a PCB mdziko langa.
PCB wastewater ndi PCB wastewater, womwe ndi mtundu wamadzi onyansa m'madzi onyansa ochokera kumakampani osindikizira ndi mafakitale a board board. Pakali pano, padziko lonse lapansi kutulutsa zinyalala zapoizoni ndi zoopsa za mankhwala zimafika matani 300 mpaka 400 miliyoni. Mwa iwo, zowononga organic zosalekeza (POPs) ndizowononga kwambiri zachilengedwe komanso zofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Komanso, PCB madzi oipa amagawidwa : Kuyeretsa madzi oipa, inki zinyalala, zinyalala zovuta, anaikira asidi zinyalala zamadzimadzi, anaikira alkali zinyalala zamadzimadzi, etc. Kusindikiza dera bolodi (PCB) kupanga kumadya madzi ambiri, ndi zoipitsa madzi oipa ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana. ndi zigawo zovuta. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe amadzi otayira a opanga ma PCB osiyanasiyana, kugawikana koyenera ndi kusonkhanitsa ndi chisamaliro chapamwamba ndiye chinsinsi chowonetsetsa kuti madzi akuwonongeka akukwaniritsa miyezo.
Pochiza madzi onyansa mumakampani a board a PCB, pali njira zama mankhwala (kutulutsa kwamankhwala, kusinthana kwa ion, electrolysis, ndi zina), njira zakuthupi (njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsera, njira zosefera, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, etc.). Njira zama Chemical ndizo Zowononga zimasinthidwa kukhala zolekanitsidwa mosavuta (zolimba kapena mpweya). Njira yakuthupi ndikulemeretsa zoipitsa m'madzi otayidwa kapena kulekanitsa malo olekanitsidwa mosavuta ndi madzi onyansa kuti madzi onyansa akwaniritse mulingo wotayira. Njira zotsatirazi zimatengedwa kunyumba ndi kunja.
1. Njira yochotsera
The decantation njira kwenikweni kusefera njira, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa njira zakuthupi mu PCB bolodi makampani njira zotayira madzi oipa. Madzi osungunula omwe ali ndi zinyalala zamkuwa zomwe zimatulutsidwa pamakina othamangitsa amatha kusefedwa kuti achotse zinyalala zamkuwa atachiritsidwa ndi decanter. Madzi osefedwa ndi decanter amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati madzi oyeretsera pamakina a burr.
2. Chemical Law
Njira zama mankhwala zimaphatikizapo njira zochepetsera makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi njira za mpweya wa mankhwala. Njira yochepetsera makutidwe ndi okosijeni imagwiritsa ntchito ma okosijeni kapena zochepetsera kuti zisinthe zinthu zovulaza kukhala zopanda vuto kapena zinthu zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kugwa komanso kugwa. Madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide ndi madzi otayira okhala ndi chromium mu board yozungulira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera oxidation, onani tsatanetsatane wotsatira.
Njira ya mpweya wa mankhwala imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amodzi kapena angapo kuti asinthe zinthu zovulaza kukhala matope olekanitsidwa mosavuta kapena madontho. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa madzi onyansa, monga NaOH, CaO, Ca(OH)2, Na2S, CaS, Na2CO3, PFS, PAC, PAM, FeSO4, FeCl3, ISX, ndi zina zotero. sinthani ma ayoni azitsulo zolemera mu Chidolecho kenako amadutsa mu thanki ya sedimentation ya mbale, fyuluta ya mchenga, fyuluta ya PE, makina osindikizira, ndi zina zotero kuti alekanitse zolimba ndi zamadzimadzi.
3. Chemical mpweya-ion kusinthana njira
Mankhwala mpweya mpweya mankhwala mkulu-concentration dera madzi zinyalala ndi zovuta kukwaniritsa muyezo kukhetsedwa mu sitepe imodzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri ntchito osakaniza ion kuwombola. Choyamba, ntchito mankhwala mpweya njira kuchitira mkulu-ndende dera bolodi zinyalala kuchepetsa zili zolemera ayoni zitsulo pafupifupi 5mg/L, ndiyeno ntchito ion kuwombola njira kuchepetsa ayoni zitsulo zolemera kuti kutulutsa mfundo.
4. electrolysis-ion kusinthana njira
Pakati pa njira zochizira madzi onyansa mumakampani a bolodi la PCB, njira ya electrolysis yochitira madzi otayira amadzi am'madzi amatha kuchepetsa zomwe zili ndi ayoni azitsulo zolemera, ndipo cholinga chake ndi chofanana ndi njira yamvula yamankhwala. Komabe, kuipa kwa njira ya electrolysis ndi: imangokhala yothandiza pochiza ayoni azitsulo zolemera kwambiri, ndende imachepetsedwa, zamakono zimachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo mphamvuyo imakhala yochepa kwambiri; kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kwakukulu, ndipo n'zovuta kulimbikitsa; njira ya electrolysis imatha kupanga chitsulo chimodzi chokha. Electrolysis-ion kuwombola njira ndi mkuwa plating, etching zinyalala madzi, kwa madzi ena oipa, komanso ntchito njira zina kuchiza.
5. mankhwala njira-membrane kusefera njira
The zinyalala madzi a PCB board makampani makampani ndi mankhwala pretreated kuti precipitate particles filterable (m'mimba mwake> 0.1μ) ku zinthu zoipa, ndiyeno amasefedwa ndi nembanemba fyuluta chipangizo kukwaniritsa mfundo umuna.
6. mpweya condensation-magetsi kusefera njira
Mwa njira zoyeretsera madzi onyansa mumakampani a PCB board, njira yosefera yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi njira yatsopano yoyeretsera madzi anyansi popanda mankhwala opangidwa ndi United States m'ma 1980. Ndi njira yakuthupi yosungira madzi otayira osindikizidwa. Amakhala ndi magawo atatu. Gawo loyamba ndi jenereta ya ionized gasi. Mpweya umalowetsedwa mu jenereta, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala kamatha kusinthidwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito ya ionizing kuti ikhale ma ion maginito a oxygen ndi ma ayoni a nayitrogeni. Mpweya umenewu umathandizidwa ndi chipangizo cha jeti. Kulowetsedwa m'madzi otayidwa, ma ion zitsulo, zinthu zakuthupi ndi zinthu zina zovulaza m'madzi otayidwa ndi oxidized ndi aggregated, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzisefa ndikuchotsa; gawo lachiwiri ndi electrolyte fyuluta, amene zosefera ndi kuchotsa agglomerated zipangizo opangidwa mu gawo loyamba; gawo lachitatu ndi chipangizo chothamanga kwambiri cha ultraviolet Irradiation, kuwala kwa ultraviolet m'madzi kungathe kutulutsa organics ndi mankhwala opangira mankhwala, kuchepetsa CODcr ndi BOD5. Pakalipano, zida zonse zophatikizidwa zapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji.