Gulu la madera limatha kutchedwa gulu losindikizidwa kapena gulu ladera losindikizidwa, ndipo dzina lachi English ndi PCB. Kupanga kwa PCB kunyowa kumakhala kovuta komanso kovuta kuchitira. Momwe mungachotsere bwino zonse zovulaza ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi ntchito yayikulu yomwe ikuyang'ana pa malonda a dziko langa la PCB.
Madzi a PCB amataya madzi a PCB, yomwe ndi mtundu wa madzi onyansa mu madzi ogulitsa kuchokera ku mafakitale osindikiza ndi mafakitale adera. Pakadali pano, dziko lapansi la dziko lapansi la zinyalala zoopsa komanso zowopsa limakhala 300 mpaka 400 miliyoni. Pakati pawo, zodetsa zolimba mosalekeza (pops) ndizowopsa pa chilengedwe komanso ponseponse padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi a zinyalala a PCB amagawidwa: kuyeretsa madzi onunkhira, madzi otayira zinyalala, owoneka bwino a asidi amawononga madzi ambiri, ndipo zopindika zam'madzi ndizosiyanasiyana komanso zigawo zikuluzikulu. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a zinyalala za opanga ma PCB, gulu loyenerera komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi chithandizo chabwino ndi njira yowonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa amakwaniritsa miyezo.
Pachithandizo chamadzi mu mafakitale a PCB, pali njira zamagetsi (mapangidwe a mankhwala, ma electrodialys, electrodialysis, electosis, enc.). Njira zamankhwala ndi zonyansa zimasinthidwa kukhala dziko lopatuka (lolimba kapena lolimba). Njira yakuthupi ndikukulitsa zodetsa zamadzi zotayira kapena zolekanitsa mkhalidwe wolekanitsidwa mosavuta ndi madzi onyansa kuti apangitse madzi otayika kuti akwaniritse votilo yotayidwa. Njira zotsatirazi zimalandiridwa kunyumba ndi kunja.
1. Njira Yovuta
Njira yovutayo ndiyo njira yofananira, yomwe ndi imodzi mwanjira zomwe zili mu mafakitale a PCB Boarmawater njira. Madzi opukutira omwe ali ndi zikwangwani zamkuwa zotulutsidwa kuchokera ku makina olerera amatha kusungunula kuti achotse zidutswa za mkuwa mutatha kuthandizidwa ndi deta. Zoyeserera zosefedwa ndi Deka zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati madzi oyeretsa a makina owotcha.
2. Malamulo a Mic
Njira zamankhwala zimaphatikizapo njira zochepetsera maxidation ndi njira zopangira mankhwala. Njira yochepetsera makutidwe imagwiritsa ntchito oxidants kapena kuchepetsa othandizira kuti asinthe zinthu zoyipa kukhala zinthu zovulaza kapena zinthu zomwe ndizosavuta kutsekera ndikupanga. Mpaka zam'madzi ndi celmide wokhala ndi zotchingira zoyera m'bwalo la madera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera maxidation, onani kufotokozera zotsatirazi.
Njira yoyeserera yamankhwala imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amodzi kapena angapo kuti asinthe zinthu zovulaza mumiyala kapena mbali. Pali mitundu yambiri yamankhwala a mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa madera, monga Naoh, Caex, Isx, Isc. Kuti muletse sodi yolimba ndi yamadzi.
3..
Mankhwala olimbitsa thupi othandizira mabwalo owoneka bwino kwambiri pamadzi oyipa amavutika kukwaniritsa muyezo wotaya mu gawo limodzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza ndi ion. Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito njira yamankhwala yoyendetsa madera oyimitsa madzi kuti muchepetse ma ions a nthochi 5mg / l, kenako gwiritsani ntchito ion kusinthitsa ion kuti achepetse miyezo.
4. Njira ya Electroly-ion Kusinthana
Pakati pa njira zochizira zinyalala mu malonda a PCB, njira ya electrolysis yochitira botchi yakale kwambiri, ndipo cholinga chake ndizofanana ndi njira yamagetsi yolimba. Komabe, zovuta za njira ya electroulysis ndi izi: Ndi zothandiza zokhazokha zochizira zitsulo zazitsulo, zomwe zimachepetsedwa, zamakono zimachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo kuchita bwino kwafooketsa kwambiri; Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yayikulu, ndipo nkovuta kupititsa patsogolo; Njira ya electrolysis imatha kukonza chitsulo chimodzi. Njira yosinthira ma electroly-ion ndi mitengo yamkuwa, yotayika madzi, chifukwa cha madzi ena amawononga, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina pochizira.
5.. Njira ya Membrane-Membrane Fillery
Madzi a zinyalala a PCB board mabizinesi a PCB amapangidwa mosiyanasiyana kuti akonzekere tinthu tating'onoting'ono (m'mimba mwake> 0.1μ) Kuchokera ku zinthu zovulaza, kenako osasefedwa ndi zosefera za membrane kuti mukwaniritse miyezo.
6. Njira yolumikizira magetsi
Pakati pa njira zochizira zinyalala mu mafakitale a PCB, njira yam'madzi yothandizirana ndi yam'madzi popanda mankhwala yomwe idapangidwa ndi United States m'ma 1980s. Ndi njira yakuthupi yothandizira kuteteza mabwalo osindikizidwa. Ili ndi magawo atatu. Gawo loyamba ndi jeonereta yosewerera. Air amayamwa mu jenereta, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala amasinthidwa ndi maginito a neonizer kuti ayambitse maginito okwera maginito ndi nayitrogeni. Mpweya uwu umathandizidwa ndi chipangizo cha jet. Adalowetsedwa m'madzi a zinyalala, zitsulo zitsulo, zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zinthu zina zoyipa m'madzi zinyalala ndizosavuta, zomwe ndizosavuta kungochotsa; Gawo lachiwiri ndi fayilo ya elevalytelyte, yomwe zatsala ndikuchotsa zida zodziwika bwino zomwe zidapangidwa m'gawo loyamba; Gawo lachitatu ndi lothamanga kwambiri la ultraviolet Irradiation, ma ultraviolet Rays amatha kusintha zachilengedwe ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuchepetsa codcr ndi bodc5. Pakadali pano, zida zonse zophatikizidwa zimapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji.
