Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs mwachidule), omwe makamaka amapereka maulumikizidwe amagetsi pazinthu zamagetsi, amatchedwanso "mayi azinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi."Malinga ndi unyolo wa mafakitale, ma PCB amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zoyankhulirana, makompyuta ndi zotumphukira, zamagetsi ogula, zamagetsi zamagalimoto, chitetezo cha dziko ndi zida zankhondo ndi zida zina zamagetsi.Ndi chitukuko ndi kukhwima kwa matekinoloje achidziwitso cham'badwo watsopano monga cloud computing, 5G, ndi AI, kuchuluka kwa deta padziko lonse kudzapitiriza kusonyeza kukula kwakukulu.Pansi pa kukula kwachulukidwe kwa kuchuluka kwa data komanso kachitidwe kakusamutsa deta, makina a PCB a seva ali ndi chiyembekezo chokulirapo.
Chiwonetsero cha kukula kwa mafakitale
Malinga ndi ziwerengero za IDC, kutumiza ndi kugulitsa kwa seva padziko lonse lapansi kwawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku 2014 mpaka 2019. Mu 2018, kupambana kwa makampani kunali kwakukulu.Kutumiza ndi kutumiza kunafika mayunitsi 11.79 miliyoni ndi madola 88.816 biliyoni a US, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 15.82 % Ndipo 32.77%, kusonyeza kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu ndi mtengo.Chiwopsezo chakukula mu 2019 chinali chocheperako, koma chinali chokwera kwambiri.Kuchokera mu 2014 mpaka 2019, makampani aku China adakula mwachangu, ndipo kukula kwake kudaposa dziko lonse lapansi.Mu 2019, zotumiza zidatsika pang'ono, koma kuchuluka kwa malonda kumawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, mawonekedwe amkati mwazinthuzo adasintha, mtengo wapakati wagawo udakwera, ndipo gawo lazogulitsa zamaseva apamwamba likuwonetsa kukwera.
2. Kufananiza makampani akuluakulu a seva Malingana ndi kafukufuku waposachedwapa wotulutsidwa ndi IDC, makampani odzipangira okha pa msika wa seva padziko lonse adzakhalabe ndi gawo lalikulu mu Q2 2020. Zogulitsa zisanu zapamwamba ndi HPE/Xinhuasan, Dell, Inspur, IBM, ndi Lenovo, ndi gawo la msika Iwo ali 14.9%, 13.9%, 10.5%, 6.1%, 6.0%.Kuonjezera apo, ogulitsa ODM adawerengera 28.8% ya msika, kuwonjezeka kwa 63.4% chaka ndi chaka, ndipo akhala kusankha kwakukulu kwa seva processing makampani ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati a computing cloud computing.
Mu 2020, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi udzakhudzidwa ndi mliri watsopano wa korona, ndipo kugwa kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi kudzakhala koonekeratu.Makampani nthawi zambiri amatenga zitsanzo zamaofesi apa intaneti/mtambo ndipo amasungabe ma seva ambiri.Q1 ndi Q2 zakhalabe ndi kukula kwakukulu kusiyana ndi mafakitale ena, koma Zocheperapo kusiyana ndi deta ya nthawi yomweyi ya zaka zapitazo.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa DRAMeXchange, kufunikira kwa seva yapadziko lonse mgawo lachiwiri kudayendetsedwa ndi kufunikira kwa data center.Makampani amtambo aku North America anali omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri.Makamaka, kufunikira kwa malamulo oponderezedwa pansi pa chipwirikiti mu ubale wa Sino-US chaka chatha kunasonyeza chizolowezi chodziwikiratu chowonjezeranso zinthu m'gawo loyamba la chaka chino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma seva achuluke mu theka loyamba Liwiro limakhala lamphamvu.
Ogulitsa asanu apamwamba pamsika wa seva ku China mu Q1 2020 ndi Inspur, H3C, Huawei, Dell, ndi Lenovo, omwe ali ndi magawo amsika a 37.6%, 15.5%, 14.9%, 10.1% ndi 7.2%, motsatana.Kutumiza kwa msika wonse Kudakhalabe kokhazikika, ndipo malonda adapitilirabe kukula.Kumbali imodzi, chuma chapakhomo chikuchira mofulumira, ndipo ndondomeko yatsopano ya zomangamanga imayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono m'gawo lachiwiri, ndipo pali kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zomangamanga monga ma seva;Kumbali inayi, kufunikira kwamakasitomala akuluakulu kwakula kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, Alibaba adapindula ndi bizinesi yatsopano yogulitsa Hema Season 618 Chikondwerero chogula, dongosolo la ByteDance, Douyin, ndi zina zotero, zikukula mofulumira, ndipo zofuna za seva zapakhomo zikuyembekezeka kupitiriza kukula mofulumira m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi.
II
Kukula kwa makampani a seva PCB
Kukula kosalekeza kwa kufunikira kwa ma seva komanso kukweza kwadongosolo kumayendetsa makampani onse a seva kuti apite patsogolo.Monga chinthu chofunikira chonyamulira ma seva, PCB ili ndi chiyembekezo chokulirapo chokweza voliyumu ndi mtengo pansi pamayendedwe apawiri a seva m'mwamba ndikukweza nsanja.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro azinthu zakuthupi, zigawo zazikulu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi bolodi la PCB mu seva zikuphatikizapo CPU, kukumbukira, hard disk, hard disk backplane, ndi zina zotero. zigawo kapena kuposa, 4 zigawo, ndi matabwa ofewa.Ndi kusintha ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo lonse la digito la seva m'tsogolomu, matabwa a PCB adzawonetsa machitidwe akuluakulu a manambala apamwamba.-18-wosanjikiza matabwa, 12-14-wosanjikiza matabwa, ndi 12-18-wosanjikiza matabwa adzakhala zipangizo zikuluzikulu kwa seva PCB matabwa mtsogolo.
Malinga ndi momwe makampani amagwirira ntchito, omwe amapereka ma seva a PCB ndi opanga aku Taiwan komanso akumtunda.Atatu apamwamba ndi Taiwan Golden Electronics, Taiwan Tripod Technology ndi China Guanghe Technology.Guanghe Technology ndiye seva yoyamba ya PCB ku China.wogulitsa.Opanga aku Taiwan amayang'ana kwambiri ma seva a ODM, pomwe makampani akumtunda amayang'ana kwambiri pagulu la seva.Otsatsa a ODM makamaka amatchula ogulitsa ma seva amtundu woyera.Makampani opanga makompyuta amaika patsogolo zofunikira za kasinthidwe ka seva kwa ogulitsa ODM, ndipo ogulitsa ODM amagula matabwa a PCB kuchokera kwa ogulitsa PCB kuti amalize kupanga ma hardware ndi kusonkhanitsa.Ogulitsa ODM amawerengera 28.8% ya msika wapadziko lonse wa seva, ndipo akhala njira yayikulu yoperekera ma seva ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati.Seva yakumtunda imaperekedwa makamaka ndi opanga mtundu (Inspur, Huawei, Xinhua III, etc.).Moyendetsedwa ndi 5G, zomangamanga zatsopano, ndi makompyuta amtambo, kufunikira kolowa m'malo kwanyumba kumakhala kolimba kwambiri.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndalama ndi kukula kwa phindu kwa opanga kumtunda kwakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwa opanga ku Taiwan, ndipo kuyesetsa kwawo kugwira ntchito kumakhala kolimba kwambiri.Ndi chitukuko cha matekinoloje atsopano, ma seva amtundu akuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukulitsa msika wawo.Opanga ma seva amtundu wapakhomo opanga ma seva a ku Mainland akuyembekezeka kupitilizabe kukula.Mfundo inanso yofunika ndi yakuti ndalama zonse za R&D zamakampani akumtunda zikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, kupitilira ndalama zomwe opanga aku Taiwan akugulitsa.Pakusintha kwaukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi, opanga kumtunda ali ndi chiyembekezo chodutsa zopinga zaukadaulo ndikutenga gawo la msika pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano.
M'tsogolomu, ndi chitukuko ndi kukhwima kwa matekinoloje a chidziwitso cha m'badwo watsopano monga cloud computing, 5G, ndi AI, kuchuluka kwa deta padziko lonse lapansi kudzapitiriza kusonyeza kukula kwakukulu, ndipo zida zapadziko lonse za seva ndi ntchito zidzapitirizabe kufunikira kwakukulu.Monga zinthu zofunika kwa ma seva, PCB ikuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula mwachangu mtsogolo, makamaka makampani apakhomo a PCB, omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chotukuka kwambiri potengera kusintha kwachuma komanso kukweza komanso kulowetsa m'malo.