Yakwana nthawi yoyendera gulu la PCB kuti mumvetsere zina kuti mukhale okonzeka kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino. Poyendera matabwa PCB, tiyenera kulabadira zotsatirazi 9 malangizo.
1. Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyeserera kuti zikhudze TV yamoyo, zomvera, makanema ndi zida zina zapansi kuti muyese bolodi la PCB popanda chosinthira chodzipatula.
Ndizoletsedwa kuyesa mwachindunji TV, zomvera, makanema ndi zida zina popanda chosinthira mphamvu chodzipatula chokhala ndi zida ndi zida zokhala ndi zipolopolo zokhazikika. Ngakhale chojambulira chojambulira chawayilesi chimakhala ndi chosinthira mphamvu, mukakumana ndi zida zapadera za TV kapena zomvera, makamaka mphamvu yotulutsa kapena mtundu wamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, muyenera kudziwa kaye ngati galimotoyo imayimbidwa. , mwinamwake ndizosavuta kwambiri TV, zomvetsera ndi zipangizo zina zomwe zimayimbidwa ndi mbale yapansi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kagawo kakang'ono ka magetsi, komwe kumakhudza dera lophatikizika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cholakwikacho chiwonjezeke.
2. Samalani ndi ntchito yotchinjiriza ya chitsulo chosungunuka poyesa bolodi la PCB
Sizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha soldering kuti chiwotchedwe ndi mphamvu. Onetsetsani kuti chitsulo cha soldering sichinaperekedwe. Ndi bwino kupukuta chipolopolo cha chitsulo chosungunuka. Samalani kwambiri ndi dera la MOS. Ndizotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chochepa chamagetsi cha 6 ~ 8V.
3. Dziwani mfundo ntchito ya madera Integrated ndi madera okhudzana pamaso kuyesa matabwa PCB
Musanayang'ane ndikukonza dera lophatikizika, muyenera kudziwa kaye ntchito ya dera lophatikizika lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito, dera lamkati, magawo akulu amagetsi, gawo la pini iliyonse, ndi mphamvu ya pini, mawonekedwe a waveform ndi magwiridwe antchito. mfundo ya dera lopangidwa ndi zigawo zotumphukira. Ngati zomwe zili pamwambazi zakwaniritsidwa, kusanthula ndi kuyang'ana kudzakhala kosavuta.
4. Osayambitsa mabwalo amfupi pakati pa zikhomo poyesa PCB
Mukayesa voteji kapena kuyesa mawonekedwe a waveform ndi probe ya oscilloscope, musapangitse kuzungulira kwakanthawi pakati pa mapini a dera lophatikizika chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwa mayendedwe oyesa kapena ma probes. Ndi bwino kuyeza pa zotumphukira kusindikizidwa dera mwachindunji kulumikiza zikhomo. Kuzungulira kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kuwononga mosavuta gawo lophatikizika. Muyenera kusamala kwambiri poyesa mabwalo ophatikizika a CMOS okhala ndi phukusi.
5. Kukana kwamkati kwa chipangizo choyesera cha bolodi cha PCB kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu
Poyezera mphamvu ya DC ya zikhomo za IC, multimeter yokhala ndi kukana kwamkati kwa mutu wa mita wamkulu kuposa 20KΩ/V iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, apo ayi padzakhala cholakwika chachikulu cha voteji ya pini zina.
6. Samalani kutentha kwa mabwalo ophatikizika amagetsi poyesa matabwa a PCB
Dongosolo lophatikizika lamphamvu liyenera kutaya kutentha bwino, ndipo sililoledwa kugwira ntchito pansi pa mphamvu yayikulu popanda kutentha kwa kutentha.
7. Waya wotsogolera wa bolodi la PCB uyenera kukhala wololera
Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera zigawo zakunja m'malo kuonongeka mbali Integrated dera, zigawo zing'onozing'ono ayenera kusankhidwa, ndi mawaya ayenera kukhala wololera kupewa zosafunika parasitic lumikiza, makamaka grounding pakati Audio mphamvu amplifier Integrated dera ndi preamplifier dera mapeto. .
8. Chongani PCB bolodi kuonetsetsa kuwotcherera khalidwe
Pamene soldering, solder imakhala yolimba, ndipo kudzikundikira kwa solder ndi pores mosavuta kumayambitsa soldering zabodza. Nthawi yowotchera nthawi zambiri imakhala yosapitilira masekondi atatu, ndipo mphamvu yachitsulo chogulitsira iyenera kukhala pafupifupi 25W ndikutentha kwamkati. Dera lophatikizidwa lomwe lagulitsidwa liyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ohmmeter kuyeza ngati pali dera lalifupi pakati pa zikhomo, kutsimikizira kuti palibe solder adhesion, ndiyeno kuyatsa mphamvu.
9. Osazindikira mosavuta kuwonongeka kwa dera lophatikizika poyesa bolodi la PCB
Musaweruze kuti dera lophatikizidwa likuwonongeka mosavuta. Chifukwa mabwalo ambiri ophatikizika amalumikizidwa mwachindunji, dera likakhala lachilendo, lingayambitse kusintha kwamagetsi kangapo, ndipo zosinthazi sizimayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa dera lophatikizika. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina, voteji yoyezera ya pini iliyonse imakhala yosiyana ndi yanthawi zonse Zikafanana kapena zayandikira, sizingatanthauze nthawi zonse kuti dera lophatikizika ndilabwino. Chifukwa zolakwika zina zofewa sizingayambitse kusintha kwa magetsi a DC.
PCB board debugging njira
Pakuti latsopano PCB bolodi amene wangotengedwa mmbuyo, choyamba tiyenera pafupifupi kuona ngati pali mavuto pa bolodi, monga ngati pali ming'alu zoonekeratu, mabwalo lalifupi, mabwalo lotseguka, etc. Ngati n'koyenera, fufuzani ngati kukana pakati. magetsi ndi nthaka ndi yaikulu mokwanira.
Kwa bolodi yozungulira yomwe yangopangidwa kumene, kukonza zolakwika nthawi zambiri kumakumana ndi zovuta, makamaka ngati bolodi ili lalikulu komanso pali zigawo zambiri, nthawi zambiri sizingatheke kuyamba. Koma ngati mudziwa njira zingapo zochepetsera zolakwika, kukonza zolakwika kudzapeza zotsatira zake kawiri ndi theka lakuyesetsa.
PCB board debugging masitepe
1. Kwa bolodi yatsopano ya PCB yomwe yangobwezedwa kumene, choyamba tiyenera kuyang'ana ngati pali zovuta zilizonse pa bolodi, monga ngati pali ming'alu yodziwika bwino, mabwalo afupikitsa, mabwalo otseguka, ndi zina zotero. Ngati kuli kofunikira, fufuzani ngati kukana pakati pa magetsi ndi nthaka ndi yaikulu mokwanira.
2. Kenako zigawozo zimayikidwa. Ma module odziyimira pawokha, ngati simukutsimikiza kuti akugwira ntchito bwino, ndibwino kuti musawaike onse, koma kukhazikitsa gawo ndi gawo (kwa mabwalo ang'onoang'ono, mutha kuwayika onse nthawi imodzi), kuti zikhale zosavuta kukhazikitsa. kudziwa mtundu wa zolakwika. Pewani kukhala ndi vuto poyambira mukakumana ndi zovuta.
Nthawi zambiri, mutha kukhazikitsa magetsi kaye, ndiyeno kuyatsa kuti muwone ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndiyabwinobwino. Ngati mulibe chidaliro chochuluka mukamayatsa (ngakhale mukutsimikiza, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere fusesi, ngati zitachitika), ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi osinthika omwe ali ndi malire omwe alipo.
Konzekerani kaye chitetezo chopitilira muyeso kaye, kenako onjezerani pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwamagetsi amagetsi oyendetsedwa, ndikuwunika momwe akulowera, voteji yolowera, ndi voteji yotulutsa. Ngati palibe chitetezo chowonjezereka ndi mavuto ena panthawi yowonjezereka, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yafika bwino, magetsi ali bwino. Apo ayi, chotsani magetsi, pezani malo olakwika, ndikubwereza masitepe omwe ali pamwambawa mpaka magetsi ali abwinobwino.
3. Kenako, ikani ma module ena pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi iliyonse module ikayikidwa, yatsani ndikuyesa. Mukayatsa, tsatirani njira zomwe zili pamwambazi kuti mupewe kuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha zolakwika zamapangidwe ndi/kapena zolakwika pakuyika ndikuwotcha zida.
Njira yopezera bolodi yolakwika ya PCB
1. Pezani bolodi ya PCB yolakwika poyesa njira yamagetsi
Chinthu choyamba kutsimikizira ngati voteji ya pini yamagetsi ya chipangizo chilichonse ndiyabwinobwino, ndiye fufuzani ngati ma voltages osiyanasiyana ndi abwinobwino, komanso ngati voteji yogwira ntchito pamfundo iliyonse ndiyabwinobwino. Mwachitsanzo, silicon transistor ikayatsidwa, voteji ya BE junction imakhala pafupifupi 0.7V, pomwe voteji ya CE ndi pafupifupi 0.3V kapena kuchepera. Ngati voteji ya BE junction ya transistor ndi yaikulu kuposa 0.7V (kupatula ma transistors apadera, monga Darlington, etc.), mpikisano wa BE ukhoza kukhala wotseguka.
2. Signal jakisoni njira kupeza zolakwika PCB bolodi
Onjezani gwero la siginecha kumalo olowera, ndiyeno yezani mawonekedwe a mafunde a mfundo iliyonse kuti muwone ngati sizabwino kupeza cholakwika. Nthawi zina tidzagwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta, monga kugwira zotchingira ndi manja athu, kuti tigwire zolowera m'magulu onse kuti tiwone ngati zotulukazo zimayankhidwa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzomvera, kanema ndi mabwalo ena amplifier (koma samalani, otentha). pansi Njira iyi singagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mabwalo okhala ndi magetsi apamwamba kapena mabwalo othamanga kwambiri, apo ayi angayambitse kugwedezeka kwamagetsi). Ngati palibe yankho ku mlingo wapitawo, koma pali yankho ku mlingo wotsatira, zikutanthauza kuti vuto liri mu msinkhu wapitawo ndipo liyenera kufufuzidwa.
3. Njira zina zopezera matabwa olakwika a PCB
Pali njira zina zambiri zopezera zolakwika, monga kuwonera, kumvetsera, kununkhiza, kugwira, ndi zina.
"Kuwona" ndikuwona ngati pali kuwonongeka kwa makina owonetsetsa kwa chigawocho, monga kusweka, kuwotcha, kusinthika, ndi zina zotero;
"Kumvetsera" ndiko kumvetsera ngati phokoso logwira ntchito ndi lachilendo, mwachitsanzo, chinthu chomwe sichiyenera kulira, malo omwe akuyenera kulira sikulira kapena phokoso ndi lachilendo, ndi zina zotero;
"Fungo" ndikuwona ngati pali fungo lachilendo, monga fungo la moto, fungo la capacitor electrolyte, etc.
"Kukhudza" ndiko kuyesa ngati kutentha kwa chipangizocho kuli bwino, mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwambiri kapena kuzizira kwambiri.
Zida zina zamagetsi zimatha kutentha zikagwira ntchito. Ngati ali ozizira kukhudza, tinganene kuti sakugwira ntchito. Koma ngati malo amene sayenera kutenthedwa akutentha kapena malo amene ayenera kukhala otentha kwambiri, zimenezo sizigwira ntchito. Ma transistors amagetsi ambiri, tchipisi tamagetsi owongolera, ndi zina zambiri, kugwira ntchito pansi pa madigiri 70 kuli bwino. Kodi lingaliro la madigiri 70 ndi chiyani? Mukakanikiza dzanja lanu mmwamba, mutha kuligwira kwa masekondi opitilira atatu, zikutanthauza kuti kutentha kuli pansi pa madigiri 70 (zindikirani kuti muyenera kuigwira moyeserera, osawotcha manja anu).