1. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yabwino yoyambira pansi (Source: Electronic Enthusiast Network)

Onetsetsani kuti mapangidwewo ali ndi ma bypass capacitor okwanira ndi ndege zapansi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito dera lophatikizika, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira choyenera cholumikizira pafupi ndi potengera mphamvu pansi (makamaka ndege yapansi). Mphamvu yoyenera ya capacitor imadalira ntchito yeniyeni, teknoloji ya capacitor ndi maulendo ogwiritsira ntchito. Pamene bypass capacitor imayikidwa pakati pa mphamvu ndi zikhomo pansi ndikuyika pafupi ndi pini yolondola ya IC, kugwirizanitsa kwa electromagnetic ndi kutengeka kwa dera kumatha kukonzedwa.

2. Kugawa pafupifupi chigawo ma CD

Sindikizani bilu yazinthu (bom) kuti muwone zigawo zenizeni. Zida zowoneka bwino zilibe zotengera zomwe zikugwirizana nazo ndipo sizidzasamutsidwa kugawo la masanjidwe. Pangani bilu yazinthu, ndiyeno onani zigawo zonse zomwe zimapangidwira. Zinthu zokhazo ziyenera kukhala mphamvu ndi zizindikiro zapansi, chifukwa zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi zigawo zenizeni, zomwe zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito m'makonzedwe apangidwe ndipo sizidzasamutsidwa ku mapangidwe apangidwe. Pokhapokha ngati zikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera, zigawo zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu gawo lenileni ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi zigawo zotsekedwa.

3. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi mndandanda wazinthu zonse

Onani ngati pali deta yokwanira mu lipoti la bilu ya zida. Pambuyo popanga lipoti labizinesi yazinthu, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mosamalitsa ndikumaliza chidziwitso chosakwanira cha chipangizocho, ogulitsa kapena opanga pazolemba zonse.

4. Sanjani molingana ndi chizindikiro cha chigawo

Kuti mutsogolere kusanja ndikuwona bili ya zinthu, onetsetsani kuti manambala a zigawozo alembedwa motsatizana.

5. Yang'anani dera lowonjezera lachipata

Nthawi zambiri, zolowetsa m'zipata zonse zosafunikira ziyenera kukhala ndi ma siginecha kuti zisayandama pazipata zolowera. Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana mabwalo onse osafunikira kapena osowa, ndipo zolowetsa zonse zopanda waya ndizolumikizidwa kwathunthu. Nthawi zina, ngati cholumikizira chayimitsidwa, dongosolo lonse silingagwire ntchito moyenera. Tengani awiri op amp omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga. Ngati imodzi yokha ya op amp ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zapawiri op amp IC, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito op amp ina, kapena kuyikapo mwayi wa op amp osagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuyika phindu logwirizana (kapena phindu lina)) Network ya ndemanga kuti muwonetsetse kuti gawo lonse litha kugwira ntchito moyenera.

Nthawi zina, ma IC okhala ndi mapini oyandama sangagwire bwino ntchito malinga ndi momwe amafotokozera. Kawirikawiri kokha pamene chipangizo cha IC kapena zipata zina mu chipangizo chomwecho sizikugwira ntchito m'malo odzaza-pamene zolowetsa kapena zotulutsa zili pafupi kapena muzitsulo zamagetsi za chigawocho, IC iyi ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira pamene ikugwira ntchito. Kuyerekeza nthawi zambiri sikungathe kufotokoza izi, chifukwa choyerekeza nthawi zambiri sichimalumikiza magawo angapo a IC palimodzi kuti awonetse momwe kulumikizana kumayandama.

6. Ganizirani za kusankha chigawo ma CD

Pagawo lonse lojambula zojambulajambula, zisankho zamagulu ndi mapangidwe a nthaka zomwe ziyenera kupangidwa pagawo la masanjidwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Nawa malingaliro ena oti muwaganizire posankha zigawo potengera kuyika kwa zigawo.

Kumbukirani, phukusili limaphatikizapo zolumikizira zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi miyeso yamakina (x, y, ndi z) ya gawolo, ndiko kuti, mawonekedwe a gawo la thupi ndi mapini omwe amalumikizana ndi PCB. Mukasankha zigawo, muyenera kuganizira zoletsa zilizonse zoyikapo kapena zoyika zomwe zingakhalepo pamwamba ndi pansi pa PCB yomaliza. Zigawo zina (monga polar capacitors) zingakhale ndi zoletsa zamutu wapamwamba, zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha chigawo. Kumayambiriro kwa kamangidwe, mukhoza choyamba kujambula zofunika dera bolodi chimango mawonekedwe, ndiyeno ikani zigawo zikuluzikulu kapena udindo-ovuta (monga zolumikizira) kuti mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Mwanjira imeneyi, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a bolodi (popanda waya) amatha kuwoneka mwachidwi komanso mwachangu, ndipo mawonekedwe achibale ndi kutalika kwa gawo la bolodi ndi zigawo zake zitha kuperekedwa molondola. Izi zidzathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti zigawozo zikhoza kuikidwa bwino muzoyika zakunja (zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki, chassis, chassis, etc.) pambuyo posonkhanitsa PCB. Imbani chiwonetsero chazithunzi za 3D kuchokera pamenyu yazida kuti musakatule gulu lonse ladera