The shortage of electronic components and price increases. It provides opportunities for counterfeiters.
Nowadays, fake electronic components are becoming popular. Many fakes such as capacitors, resistors, inductors, MOS tubes, and single-chip computers are circulating in the market. In addition to finding some regular agents to buy as much as possible, engineers and buyers should keep their eyes open and learn to identify fakes!
However, if you want to distinguish between genuine and fake electronic components, you must first understand the difference between original and new ones.
1. What is a brand new original product?
The brand new original product is the original word of the original factory, the original packaging, the original LABLE (the complete model, batch number, brand, LOT number (IC packaging assembly line and machine code used), package quantity, code (can be Check on its website), barcodes (usually for anti-counterfeiting).
All the parameters are qualified by the manufacturer, including domestic original products. The quality of this product is very good, the batch number is uniform, and the appearance is beautiful. Customers are willing to accept it, but the price is relatively high.
The original original product is the original packaged product directly from the original factory. The original package may have been opened or there is no original package, but it is still the original original product.
Shoddy bulk new (ie defective products)
Sub-chips are chips that are eliminated from the IC assembly line due to internal quality and other issues, but have not passed the design manufacturer’s test. Or due to improper packaging, the appearance of the film is damaged, and the chip is also eliminated.
● Films coming off the assembly line. It is the film that was deducted during the inspection by the manufacturer. Those films did not mean that there must be quality problems, but that some parameters had relatively large errors.
Because manufacturers often have high requirements for the accuracy of the film, such as voltage and current, and the allowable error range is within plus or minus 0.01, then when the standard film should be 1.00, 1.01 and 0.99 are all genuine products, and 0.98 or 1.02 is a defective product.
These films were picked out and became so-called scattered new films. Similarly, because of the fragility of the film, the old film may cause small changes in the parameter error during the processing. This is why sometimes the same product, some customers use it, and some customers use it. .
● In the process of quality inspection, because the assembly line passes through the computer during the inspection by manual addition of the computer, sometimes the film is not really problematic, but when it is stuck, the staff would rather kill a thousand by mistake than release it. After a bad movie, so you lose a lot, then these become so-called scattered new.
2. What is bulk new cargo?
Sanxin can be divided into the following situations according to market conditions:
★In the true sense of bulk (ie original goods without original packaging)
● The customer demand is less than a whole package. Due to the price drive, the supplier disassembles the original whole package and sells a part of the chip at a high price, and the remaining part of the chip without the original package.
● Due to transportation reasons, the supplier disassembles the original packaged goods to facilitate transportation. Original goods like Hong Kong have to be shipped to Shenzhen and other places. In order to enter customs and reduce tariffs, the original packaging is removed and multiple people are taken into customs.
● New and old products: Most of these products are those that have been stored for a long time and have a bad appearance. They can only be used for bulk disposal.
● There are also some packaging factories. When a large number of wafers are sent to the packaging factory for packaging, after the completion of the IC design unit may not be able to receive all the packaged wafers due to financial problems, then this part of the packaging factory will sell it by itself, because it does not They need to mark their own labels and will not make packaging to increase costs, so they will sell them in bulk.
● Due to the management problems of the packaging factory, the films that its employees transported out of the company through abnormal channels, resold and bought films, flowed into the country. This kind of film has no outer packaging because there is no final packaging process, but the price is more favorable and sometimes better than the price of the national agency.
★Fake bulk (ie refurbished goods)
Refurbished goods are refurbished or disassembled parts. They are processed and reprocessed parts, so people in the industry generally call them refurbished goods.
● Some appearances are damaged, but the surface damage is not very serious, and the films that are not difficult to process can still be sold as new films after refurbishment.
● Be careful about second-generation films with beautiful appearance. Such films may often be sub-films with internal quality problems. Purchasers of such films are generally more careful.
● The refurbishment of old films is mainly through the reprocessing of old films, such as grinding, washing, pulling the feet, plating feet, connecting feet, grinding characters, typing, and so on. The appearance of the film is processed to make the film look more beautiful.
Mainly foreign garbage, that is, foreign household appliances, computers, routers and other scrap electrical appliances are processed to local garbage collection stations. These garbage is transported to Hong Kong, Guangdong, Taiwan, Zhejiang, and Chaoshan areas for recycling at very low prices.
Refurbishment of the original characters is just to process the appearance of the film to make the film look more beautiful. This kind of goods is of better quality and cheaper, generally half of the net price or cheaper.
● Used goods, disassemble parts. The product has been used, and removed from the circuit board by hot air or frying. Two methods for dismantling old films:
Hot air method, this method is a regular method, used for clean and tidy boards, especially more valuable SMD boards.
“Frying” method, this is indeed true. Use high-boiling mineral oil to “fry”. Very old or messy garbage boards usually use this method.
The waste generated in the process of separating and remanufacturing the old film will seriously pollute the environment if it is not properly treated, and the cost of “proper disposal” will be higher than the total recovery income.
Therefore, some companies in developed countries would rather spend money and send freight to “send” e-waste to China and some countries in South Asia than dispose of it themselves. The price difference between the old and new chips is far from recovering the loss of environmental pollution!
Many businesses in the electronics market often describe refurbished goods as bulk new goods, which requires keeping their eyes open and relying on some small skills to distinguish them.
3. The difference between new bulk goods and refurbished goods
The quality of real bulk goods can be assured.
Defective products will be different from original products in terms of scrap rate and stability. Because these two types of products are new, it is very difficult to distinguish.
Refurbished goods are even more harmful. It may be selling dog meat. They look the same, but in fact, they have completely different functions.
Therefore, it is the best for you to avoid new bulk goods, unless you buy on the basis of certain guarantees.