Crystal oscillator bụ isi ihe dị na imewe sekit dijitalụ, na-abụkarị n'ichepụta sekit, a na-eji oscillator kristal dị ka obi nke sekit dijitalụ, ọrụ niile nke sekit dijitalụ enweghị atụ na mgbama elekere, naanị oscillator kristal bụ bọtịnụ igodo. nke na-achịkwa mmalite nkịtị nke usoro ahụ dum, enwere ike ịsị na ọ bụrụ na e nwere nhazi sekit dijitalụ nwere ike ịhụ oscillator kristal.

I. Gịnị bụ oscillator kristal?

Crystal oscillator n'ozuzu na-ezo aka ụdị abụọ nke quartz crystal oscillator na quartz crystal resonator, na nwekwara ike na-akpọ kpọmkwem crystal oscillator. A na-eme ha abụọ site na iji piezoelectric mmetụta nke kristal quartz.

Oscillator kristal na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nke a: mgbe a na-etinye ọkụ eletrik na electrodes abụọ nke kristal, kristal ga-enwe nrụrụ ọrụ, ma n'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ọ bụrụ na a na-etinye nrụgide ígwè na nsọtụ abụọ nke kristal, kristal ga-emepụta. ebe eletriki. Ihe omume a na-agbanwe agbanwe, ya mere, iji njirimara a nke kristal, na-agbakwụnye voltaji ndị ọzọ na nsọtụ abụọ nke kristal, mgbawa ga-emepụta vibration n'ibu, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-emepụta ebe eletrik na-agbanwe agbanwe. Otú ọ dị, nke a na-ama jijiji na ọkụ eletrik nke kristal na-emepụta na-adịkarị ntakịrị, ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ dị na oge ụfọdụ, njupụta ahụ ga-abawanye nke ọma, dị ka resonance LC loop nke anyị na-emepụta sekit na-ahụkarị.

II. Nkewa nke oscillation kristal (na-arụsi ọrụ ike na nke na-agafe agafe)

① Pasive crystal oscillator

kristal na-agafe agafe bụ kristal, n'ozuzu ya bụ ngwaọrụ 2-pin na-abụghị polar (ụfọdụ kristal na-agafe agafe nwere ntụtụ edobere na-enweghị polarity).

Oscillator kristal na-agafe agafe kwesịrị ịdabere na sekit elekere nke ebu capacitor mebere iji mepụta mgbama oscillating ( mgbama sine wave).

② Oscillator kristal na-arụ ọrụ

Igwe oscillator kristal na-arụ ọrụ bụ oscillator, na-enwekarị ntụtụ anọ. kristal oscillator na-arụ ọrụ anaghị achọ oscillator ime nke CPU ka ọ mepụta mgbama n'ikiri ụkwụ. Igwe ọkụ kristal na-arụ ọrụ na-ebute mgbama elekere.

Ihe mgbaàmà nke oscillator kristal na-arụ ọrụ kwụsiri ike, ịdị mma dị mma, na ọnọdụ njikọ dịtụ mfe, njehie nkenke dị obere karịa nke oscillator kristal na-agafe agafe, ọnụahịa ahụ dịkwa oke ọnụ karịa oscillator kristal na-agafe agafe.

III. Ntọala ntọala nke oscillator kristal

Ihe ndị bụ isi nke oscillator kristal izugbe bụ: okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ, uru ziri ezi, ike dakọtara, ụdị ngwugwu, ugboro ugboro na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Ugboro ugboro nke oscillator kristal: Nhọrọ nke oge kristal izugbe na-adabere na ihe achọrọ nke akụrụngwa ugboro ugboro, dịka MCU bụ n'ozuzu oke, ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere na 4M ruo ọtụtụ M.

Izi ezi nke ọma jijiji kristal: izi ezi nke vibration kristal bụ n'ozuzu ± 5PPM, ± 10PPM, ± 20PPM, ± 50PPM, wdg, ibe elekere elekere dị elu na-adịkarị n'ime ± 5PPM, na ojiji n'ozuzu ga-ahọrọ banyere ± 20PPM.

Nkwekọrịta ike nke kristal oscillator: na-emekarị site n'ịgbanwe uru nke ike na-adaba adaba, enwere ike ịgbanwe ugboro ugboro nke oscillator kristal, na ugbu a, a na-eji usoro a emeziwanye oscillator kristal dị elu.

Na usoro sekit, akara mgbama elekere dị elu nwere ihe kacha mkpa. Ahịrị elekere bụ mgbama na-emetụ n'ahụ, na ka ọ na-adịwanye elu, a na-achọ ahịrị dị mkpụmkpụ iji hụ na mgbagha nke mgbaàmà dị ntakịrị.

Ugbu a n'ọtụtụ sekit, oge elekere kristal nke usoro ahụ dị oke elu, ya mere ike nke itinye aka na harmonics dịkwa ike, harmonics ga-enweta site na ntinye na mmepụta ahịrị abụọ, kamakwa site na radieshon ohere, nke na-edugakwa na Ọ bụrụ na nhazi PCB nke oscillator kristal adịghị mma, ọ ga-adị mfe ime ka nsogbu radieshon siri ike kpafuo, ma ozugbo emepụtara ya, ọ na-esiri ike iji ụzọ ndị ọzọ dozie ya. Ya mere, ọ dị ezigbo mkpa maka oscillator kristal na nhazi akara akara CLK mgbe etinyere bọọdụ PCB.