N'ebe a, a ga-akọwapụta njirimara anọ dị mkpa nke sekit ugboro redio site na akụkụ anọ: interface ugboro redio, obere akara ngosi achọrọ, nnukwu akara nnyonye anya, na nnyonye anya ọwa dị n'akụkụ, yana ihe ndị dị mkpa chọrọ nlebara anya pụrụ iche na usoro nhazi PCB.

Ntụgharị ugboro redio nke ịme anwansị sekit ugboro redio

A na-ekewa ikuku na-ebufe na nnata n'ụzọ echiche ụzọ abụọ: ugboro ntọala na ugboro redio. Ugboro dị mkpa na-agụnye ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ nke mgbama ntinye nke onye na-ebufe ya na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ nke mmepụta nke nnata. Bandband nke ugboro ole bụ isi na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ dị mkpa nke data nwere ike ịbanye na sistemụ. A na-eji ugboro isi eme ihe iji melite ntụkwasị obi nke iyi data ma belata ibu nke onye na-ebufe na-ebufe na mgbasa ozi n'okpuru otu ọnụego nnyefe data. Ya mere, a chọrọ ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma injinia nhazi mgbaàmà mgbe ị na-emepụta sekit ugboro ugboro na PCB. Sekit ugboro redio nke onye na-ebufe nwere ike ịtụgharị na elu-atụgharị akara ngosi baseband ahaziri ka ọ bụrụ ọwa ahapụtara, ma tinye mgbaama a n'ime usoro mgbasa ozi. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, sekit ugboro redio nke onye na-anata nwere ike nweta akara ngosi site na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, ma gbanwee ma belata ugboro ugboro na ugboro ugboro.
Transmitter nwere ebumnuche imewe PCB abụọ: Nke mbụ bụ na ha ga-ebunye otu ike ka ha na-eri ike kacha nta. Nke abụọ bụ na ha enweghị ike igbochi ọrụ nkịtị nke transceivers na ọwa dị n'akụkụ. N'ihe gbasara onye nnata, enwere ihe mgbaru ọsọ imewe PCB atọ: nke mbụ, ha ga-eweghachi obere akara n'ụzọ ziri ezi; nke abụọ, ha ga-enwe ike iwepụ akara na-etinye aka na mpụga ọwa a chọrọ; na nke ikpeazụ, dị ka onye na-ebugharị, ha ga-eri ike dị obere.

Nnukwu mgbama nnyonye anya nke ịme anwansị sekit ugboro redio

Onye nnata ga-enwe mmetụta nke ukwuu maka obere mgbaama, ọbụlagodi mgbe enwere nnukwu akara nnyonye anya (ihe mgbochi). Ọnọdụ a na-eme mgbe ị na-agbalị ịnweta mgbama mgbasa ozi adịghị ike ma ọ bụ ogologo oge, na onye na-ebufe ike dị nso na-agbasa ozi na ọwa dị n'akụkụ. Ihe mgbaàmà na-etinye aka nwere ike ịbụ 60 ruo 70 dB karịa akara ngosi a na-atụ anya ya, a pụkwara ikpuchi ya na nnukwu ego n'oge ntinye ntinye nke onye na-anabata ya, ma ọ bụ onye na-anata nwere ike ịmepụta oke mkpọtụ n'oge ntinye ntinye iji gbochie nnabata nke akara ngosi nkịtị. . Ọ bụrụ na a na-ebuba onye nnata n'ime mpaghara na-abụghị nke linear site na ntinye nnyonye anya n'oge ntinye ntinye, nsogbu abụọ dị n'elu ga-eme. Iji zere nsogbu ndị a, n'ihu n'ihu nke nnata ga-adị nnọọ linear.
Ya mere, "linearity" bụkwa ihe dị mkpa na-atụle na PCB imewe nke nnata. Ebe ọ bụ na onye nata ya bụ sekit dị warara, a na-atụle ihe na-adịghị ahụ anya site n'ịtụta "mgbagwoju anya intermodulation". Nke a na-agụnye iji sine ebili mmiri abụọ ma ọ bụ ebili mmiri cosine nwere frequency yiri ya ma dị na etiti band iji kwọọ mgbama ntinye, wee tụọ ngwaahịa nke intermodulation ya. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, SPICE bụ ngwanrọ ịme anwansị na-ewe oge yana ọnụ ahịa, n'ihi na ọ ga-eme ọtụtụ mgbako loop iji nweta mkpebi ugboro ole achọrọ iji ghọta mgbagha ahụ.

Obere mgbama tụrụ anya na ịme anwansị sekit RF

Onye nnata ga-enwe mmetụta nke ukwuu iji chọpụta obere akara ntinye. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ike ntinye nke nnata nwere ike ịdị ntakịrị ka 1 μV. Mmetụta nke nnata na-ejedebe site na ụda nke na-emepụta sekit ntinye ya. Ya mere, mkpọtụ bụ ihe dị mkpa na-atụle na PCB imewe nke nnata. Ọzọkwa, ikike iji ngwa ịme anwansị bu amụma amụma bụ ihe dị mkpa. Ọgụgụ 1 bụ ihe nnata nke superheterodyne. A na-ebu ụzọ enyocha akara ngosi enwetara, wee mee ka mgbama ntinye na-abawanye site na ụda mkpọtụ dị ala (LNA). Mgbe ahụ, jiri oscillator mpaghara mbụ (LO) gwakọta na mgbama a iji gbanwee mgbaama a ka ọ bụrụ oge etiti (Ọ BỤRỤ). Ọrụ mkpọtụ nke sekit n'ihu na-adabere na LNA, igwekota na LO. Ọ bụ ezie na nyocha ụda mkpọtụ SPICE ọdịnala nwere ike ịchọta mkpọtụ nke LNA, ọ baghị uru maka igwekota na LO, n'ihi na mkpọtụ dị na ngọngọ ndị a ga-emetụta nnukwu mgbama LO.
Obere mgbama ntinye chọrọ ka onye nata ya nwee nnukwu ọrụ nkwalite, ma na-achọkarị uru nke 120 dB. Site na uru dị elu dị otú ahụ, mgbaàmà ọ bụla jikọtara site na njedebe mmepụta azụ na njedebe ntinye nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu. Ihe dị mkpa mere eji eji ụlọ ọrụ nnata nke superheterodyne bụ na ọ nwere ike kesaa uru ahụ n'ọtụtụ ugboro iji belata ohere nke njikọ. Nke a na-emekwa ka ugboro nke LO nke mbụ dị iche na ugboro nke ntinye ntinye, nke nwere ike igbochi nnukwu nnyonye anya ka ọ bụrụ "mmeru" na obere ntinye ntinye.
N'ihi ihe dị iche iche, na ụfọdụ usoro nkwurịta okwu ikuku, ntughari kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ homodyne architecture nwere ike dochie superheterodyne architecture. N'ime ihe owuwu a, a na-atụgharị mgbama ntinye RF ozugbo ka ọ bụrụ ugboro dị mkpa n'otu nzọụkwụ. Ya mere, ọtụtụ n'ime uru dị na ugboro ole bụ isi, na ugboro ole LO na ntinye ntinye bụ otu. N'okwu a, a ghaghị ịghọta mmetụta nke obere njikọ njikọ, na a ghaghị ịmepụta ihe nlereanya zuru ezu nke "ụzọ mgbaàmà gbapụrụ agbapụ", dị ka: njikọ site na mkpụrụ osisi, ngwungwu ngwugwu, na eriri njikọ (Bondwire) n'etiti. njikọ, na njikọ site na eriri ọkụ.

Mmanya ọwa dị n'akụkụ na ịme anwansị sekit ugboro redio

Ntughari na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na transmitter. Ihe na-abụghị linearity nke onye na-ebufe na sekit mmepụta nwere ike gbasaa bandwit nke mgbaàmà na-ebufe na ọwa dị n'akụkụ. A na-akpọ ihe omume a "ntụgharị spectral". Tupu mgbama ahụ erute n'ike ike nke nnyefe (PA), bandwit ya nwere oke; ma "mgbagwoju anya intermadulation" na PA ga-eme ka bandwit na-abawanye ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na bandwit na-abawanye nke ukwuu, onye na-ebugharị agaghị enwe ike izute ike chọrọ nke ọwa dị n'akụkụ ya. Mgbe ị na-ebufe akara ngbanwe dijitalụ, n'ezie, enweghị ike iji SPICE buo amụma n'ihu uto nke ụdịdị ahụ. N'ihi na nnyefe nke ihe dị ka akara 1,000 (akara) ga-emerịrị iji nweta ụdịdị dị iche iche, yana ebili mmiri na-ebu ibu dị elu ga-ejikọta, nke ga-eme ka nyocha nke SPICE ghara ịdị irè.