Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob, yog tias lub rooj tsav xwm PCB tsis tsim kom zoo, nws yuav cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau. PCB board tsim nrog ruaj khov fais fab kev ua hauj lwm tam sim no summarizes xya tricks: los ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm cov teeb meem xav tau kev saib xyuas nyob rau hauv txhua kauj ruam, lub PCB board tsim tau yooj yim ua ib kauj ruam!

1. Cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm schematic rau PCB

Tsim kom muaj kev tivthaiv tsis muaj -> tswv yim hauv paus ntsiab lus netlist -> tsim parameter nqis -> phau ntawv layout -> phau ntawv thaiv -> txheeb xyuas tsim -> tshuaj xyuas -> CAM tso zis.

2. Kev teeb tsa Parameter

Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov xov hlau uas nyob ib sab yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob, thiab txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam thiab kev tsim khoom, qhov kev ncua deb yuav tsum dav li ntau tau. Qhov sib nrug yam tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum yog qhov tsawg kawg yog tsim nyog rau qhov hluav taws xob tiv taus. Thaum cov kab hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg, qhov sib nrug ntawm cov kab teeb liab tuaj yeem tsim nyog ntxiv. Rau cov kab teeb liab nrog qhov sib txawv loj ntawm qhov siab thiab qis, qhov sib nrug yuav tsum luv li sai tau thiab qhov sib nrug yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv. Feem ntau, Teem cov kab sib nrug kom ntau dua 1 hli los ntawm ntug ntawm lub qhov hauv qhov ntawm lub ncoo mus rau ntug ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xws ntawm lub ncoo thaum ua haujlwm. Thaum cov kab txuas nrog cov ntaub qhwv nyias nyias, kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub qhwv thiab cov kab yuav tsum tau tsim los ua ib qho kev poob. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov no yog cov ntaub qhwv tsis yooj yim rau tev, tab sis cov kab thiab cov ntaub qhwv tsis yooj yim txiav.

3. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem

Kev xyaum tau ua pov thawj tias txawm tias lub Circuit Court schematic tsim kom raug thiab cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board tsis tsim kom zoo, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, yog tias ob txoj kab sib luag ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm nyob ze ua ke, nws yuav ua rau lub teeb liab waveform qeeb thiab lub suab nrov ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov kab sib kis; Kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev xav tsis zoo ntawm lub zog thiab hauv av yuav ua rau cov khoom raug kev txom nyem Kev poob qis, yog li ntawd, thaum tsim cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau txoj kev raug. Txhua lub zog hloov hluav taws xob muaj plaub lub voj voog tam sim no:

(1) AC Circuit Court ntawm lub hwj chim hloov
(2) Cov zis rectifier AC Circuit Court

(3) Lub voj tam sim no ntawm cov teeb liab input
(4) Output load tam sim no voj Lub input voj tsub lub input capacitor los ntawm kwv yees DC tam sim no. Lub lim capacitor feem ntau ua haujlwm raws li lub zog broadband cia; zoo sib xws, cov zis lim capacitor kuj tseem siv los khaws lub zog ntau zaus los ntawm cov zis rectifier. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, DC lub zog ntawm cov khoom tso tawm hluav taws xob raug tshem tawm. Yog li ntawd, cov terminals ntawm input thiab output lim capacitors yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Lub input thiab output tam sim no loops yuav tsum tsuas yog txuas nrog lub hwj chim mov los ntawm lub terminals ntawm lub lim capacitor feem; Yog hais tias qhov kev sib txuas ntawm lub input / output voj thiab lub hwj chim hloov / rectifier voj tsis tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub capacitor Lub davhlau ya nyob twg txuas ncaj qha, thiab AC lub zog yuav raug tawg mus rau hauv ib puag ncig los ntawm cov tswv yim lossis cov zis lim capacitor. Lub voj AC ntawm lub hwj chim hloov thiab AC lub voj voog ntawm lub rectifier muaj cov amplitude trapezoidal tam sim no. Cov tam sim no muaj cov khoom sib haum xeeb siab thiab lawv cov zaus ntau dua li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov hloov pauv. Qhov siab tshaj plaws amplitude tuaj yeem siab li 5 npaug ntawm qhov txuas txuas ntxiv / tso tawm DC tam sim no amplitude. Lub sijhawm hloov pauv feem ntau yog Txog 50ns. Ob lub voj voog no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau electromagnetic cuam tshuam, yog li cov AC loops yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ntej lwm cov ntawv luam tawm hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Peb lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub voj yog lim capacitors, fais fab hloov lossis rectifiers, thiab inductors. Los yog cov transformers yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm ib sab, thiab cov kev tiv thaiv cov hauj lwm yuav tsum tau kho kom txoj kev tam sim no ntawm lawv luv li sai tau.
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tsim kom muaj kev hloov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob zoo ib yam li nws cov qauv hluav taws xob. Txoj kev tsim qauv zoo tshaj plaws yog raws li hauv qab no:

◆ Tso lub transformer
◆ Tsim fais fab hloov tam sim no voj
◆ Tsim cov zis rectifier tam sim no voj
◆ Tswj Circuit Court txuas nrog AC fais fab Circuit Court
◆ Tsim cov tswv yim tam sim no lub voj voog thiab cov lim tawm tswv yim Tsim cov khoom tso tawm lub voj voog thiab cov zis lim raws li qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog, thaum tso tawm tag nrho cov khoom hauv Circuit Court, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua raws li:

(1) Ua ntej, xav txog PCB loj. Thaum lub PCB loj dhau lawm, cov kab luam tawm yuav ntev, qhov impedance yuav nce, lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv lub suab nrov yuav txo, thiab tus nqi yuav nce; yog tias PCB loj me me dhau lawm, cov cua kub dissipation yuav tsis zoo, thiab cov kab uas nyob ib sab yuav cuam tshuam yooj yim. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm Circuit Court yog cov duab plaub, thiab qhov sib piv yog 3: 2 lossis 4: 3. Cov khoom nyob rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm Circuit Court feem ntau tsis tsawg tshaj li ntawm ntug ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm

(2) Thaum tso lub cuab yeej, xav txog yav tom ntej soldering, tsis tuab heev;
(3) Siv lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm raws li qhov chaw nruab nrab thiab nteg tawm ib ncig ntawm nws. Lub Cheebtsam yuav tsum sib npaug, huv si thiab compactly teem rau ntawm PCB, txo thiab txo cov coj thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom, thiab lub decoupling capacitor yuav tsum nyob ze li sai tau rau lub cuab yeej.
(4) Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ntau zaus, cov kev faib tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab. Feem ntau, lub voj voog yuav tsum tau teem caij ua ke kom ntau li ntau tau. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, nws tsis yog tsuas yog zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj yooj yim rau nruab thiab vuam, thiab yooj yim rau huab hwm coj ntau lawm.
(5) Teem txoj haujlwm ntawm txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm hauv Circuit Court raws li lub voj voog khiav, kom qhov kev teeb tsa yooj yim rau cov teeb liab ncig, thiab cov teeb liab tau khaws cia rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li qhov ua tau.
(6) Thawj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev teeb tsa yog los xyuas kom meej tus nqi xaim, xyuam xim rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov xov hlau ya thaum txav lub cuab yeej, thiab muab cov khoom siv nrog kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas ua ke.
(7) Txo cov voj voog cheeb tsam kom ntau li ntau tau los tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob.

4. cov kab hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob muaj cov teeb liab siab

Txhua kab luam tawm ntawm PCB tuaj yeem ua raws li tus kav hlau txais xov. Qhov ntev thiab dav ntawm cov kab luam tawm yuav cuam tshuam rau nws cov impedance thiab inductance, yog li cuam tshuam rau cov lus teb zaus. Txawm tias cov kab luam tawm uas dhau DC cov teeb liab tuaj yeem ua ob peb lub xov tooj cua zaus ntawm cov kab ntawv uas nyob ib sab thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv Circuit Court (thiab txawm tias hluav taws xob cuam tshuam dua). Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov ntawv luam tawm uas dhau AC tam sim no yuav tsum tau tsim kom luv thiab dav li sai tau, uas txhais tau hais tias tag nrho cov khoom txuas nrog cov kab luam tawm thiab lwm cov kab hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau muab tso ze heev. Qhov ntev ntawm cov kab luam tawm yog proportional rau nws inductance thiab impedance, thiab qhov dav yog inversely proportional rau inductance thiab impedance ntawm cov ntawv luam. Qhov ntev qhia txog lub wavelength ntawm cov kab ntawv luam tawm. Qhov ntev ntev, qhov tsawg dua qhov zaus ntawm cov kab ntawv luam tawm tuaj yeem xa thiab tau txais hluav taws xob tsis zoo, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog ntau dua hauv xov tooj cua. Raws li qhov loj ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board tam sim no, sim ua kom qhov dav ntawm txoj kab hluav taws xob kom txo tau lub voj voog tsis kam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ua kom cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov kab hauv av ua raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tam sim no, uas yuav pab txhim kho lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv lub suab nrov. Grounding yog cov ceg hauv qab ntawm plaub lub voj voog tam sim no ntawm lub zog hloov hluav taws xob. Nws plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb heev raws li ib qho kev siv taw tes rau hauv Circuit Court. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los tswj kev cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, qhov chaw ntawm lub grounding hlau yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog nyob rau hauv lub layout. Kev sib xyaw ntau yam hauv av yuav ua rau lub zog tsis ruaj khov.

Cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau hauv av xaim tsim:

A. Ua kom raug xaiv ib qho chaw hauv av. Feem ntau, qhov kawg ntawm lub lim capacitor yuav tsum yog tib qho kev sib txuas rau lwm cov ntsiab lus hauv av rau ob peb mus rau AC hauv av ntawm qhov siab tam sim no. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tib theem Circuit Court yuav tsum nyob ze li sai tau, thiab lub hwj huam mov lim capacitor ntawm theem Circuit Court kuj yuav tsum tau txuas mus rau lub grounding point ntawm theem no, feem ntau xav tias tam sim no rov qab mus rau hauv av nyob rau hauv txhua. ib feem ntawm lub voj voog raug hloov, thiab qhov impedance ntawm txoj kab ntws tiag tiag yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov peev txheej hauv av ntawm txhua qhov ntawm Circuit Court thiab qhia txog kev cuam tshuam. Hauv qhov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob no, nws cov xaim thiab qhov inductance ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas hauv av muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev cuam tshuam, yog li siv ib qho taw tes hauv av, uas yog, lub zog hloov tam sim no lub voj voog. (cov xov hlau hauv av ntawm ob peb lub cuab yeej yog tag nrho Txuas nrog rau tus pin hauv av, cov xov hlau hauv av ntawm ob peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov zis rectifier tam sim no lub voj tseem txuas nrog cov pins hauv av ntawm cov khoom siv lim dej sib txuas, kom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ruaj khov thiab tsis yooj yim. kom nws tus kheej zoo siab thaum ib qho taw tes tsis muaj, qhia hauv av Txuas ob lub diodes los yog ib qho me me resistor, qhov tseeb, nws tuaj yeem txuas nrog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv ci tooj liab.

B. Thicken lub grounding hlau kom ntau li ntau tau. Yog tias cov xaim hauv av nyias nyias, lub peev xwm hauv av yuav hloov nrog qhov kev hloov ntawm tam sim no, uas yuav ua rau lub sij hawm teeb liab theem ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis ruaj khov, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub suab nrov yuav tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, xyuas kom meej tias txhua qhov loj hauv av tam sim no Siv cov ntawv luam tawm kom luv thiab dav li sai tau, thiab nthuav dav lub zog thiab cov kab hauv av kom ntau li ntau tau. Nws yog qhov zoo dua tias cov kab hauv av yog dav dua li cov kab hluav taws xob. Lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo yog: kab hauv av> kab hluav taws xob> kab teeb liab. Yog tias ua tau, kab hauv av Qhov dav yuav tsum siab dua 3 hli, thiab thaj tsam loj ntawm cov tooj liab txheej kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov xaim hauv av. Txuas cov chaw tsis siv rau ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm raws li cov xaim hauv av. Thaum ua cov kab hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb, cov hauv qab no kuj yuav tsum tau ua raws li:

(1) Cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev sib txuas: Los ntawm kev xaav ntawm qhov chaw vuam, kev npaj ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov ua tau nrog daim duab schematic. Cov kev taw qhia thaiv yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hauv Circuit Court, vim tias muaj ntau yam tsis zoo feem ntau yuav tsum tau nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw vuam thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev soj ntsuam, debugging thiab txij nkawm nyob rau hauv ntau lawm (Ceeb toom: Nws yog hais txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm Circuit Court thiab cov kev cai ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab installation thiab vaj huam sib luag layout).

(2) Thaum tsim cov duab kos, cov xov hlau yuav tsum tsis txhob khoov kom ntau li ntau tau, cov kab dav ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov tam sim ntawd, lub kaum ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum yog ≥90 degrees, thiab cov kab yuav tsum yooj yim thiab meej.

(3) Hla Circuit Court tsis pub nyob rau hauv lub tshuab luam ntawv. Rau cov kab uas hla, koj tuaj yeem siv "drilling" thiab "winding" los daws lawv. Qhov ntawd yog, cia ib qho "xov" los ntawm qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv lwm cov resistors, capacitors, thiab triode pins, los yog "cua" los ntawm ib kawg ntawm ib tug txhuas uas yuav hla. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, yuav ua li cas rau lub circuits complex, nws tseem tso cai rau kom yooj yim rau kev tsim. Siv cov xov hlau los txuas ntxiv los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib tshuam. Vim hais tias lub rooj tsavxwm ib leeg tau txais yuav, cov khoom siv hauv-kab yog nyob rau saum npoo thiab cov khoom siv saum npoo av yog nyob rau hauv qab. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv hauv kab tuaj yeem sib tshooj nrog cov khoom siv saum npoo av thaum teeb tsa, tab sis sib tshooj ntawm cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum zam.

C. Input hauv av thiab tso zis hauv av Qhov hloov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob yog qhov hluav taws xob qis DC-DC. Yog tias koj xav tawm tswv yim cov zis hluav taws xob rov qab mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub transformer, cov circuits ntawm ob sab yuav tsum muaj ib qho kev siv hauv av, yog li tom qab tso tooj liab rau hauv av xaim ntawm ob sab, lawv yuav tsum tau txuas ua ke los tsim ib qho av. .

5. Tshawb xyuas

Tom qab kev tsim cov xaim ua tiav, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo xyuas seb qhov kev tsim cov kab hluav taws xob puas ua raws li cov kev cai tsim los ntawm tus tsim qauv, thiab tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem yuav tsum tau lees paub tias cov kev cai tsim tau raws li cov cai ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm. txheej txheem. Feem ntau xyuas cov kab thiab kab, kab thiab cov khoom siv hauv ncoo, kab Txawm hais tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm los ntawm lub qhov, cov ntaub qhwv thiab los ntawm qhov, los ntawm qhov thiab los ntawm qhov yog qhov tsim nyog, thiab seb lawv puas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Txawm hais tias qhov dav ntawm txoj kab hluav taws xob thiab cov kab hauv av yog qhov tsim nyog, thiab seb puas muaj ib qho chaw los nthuav cov kab hauv av hauv PCB. Nco tseg: Qee qhov yuam kev tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Piv txwv li, ib feem ntawm cov qauv ntawm qee cov khoom sib txuas yog muab tso rau sab nraum lub rooj tsavxwm, thiab qhov yuam kev yuav tshwm sim thaum kuaj xyuas qhov sib nrug; Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua lub sij hawm cov kev hloov kho thiab cov vias, cov tooj liab yuav tsum tau rov coated.

6. Rov kuaj xyuas raws li "PCB Checklist"

Cov ntsiab lus suav nrog kev tsim qauv, txheej txheej txhais, kab dav, qhov sib nrug, cov ntaub qhwv, thiab ntawm kev teeb tsa. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov kev tsim nyog ntawm cov cuab yeej layout, kev xaim hluav taws xob thiab hauv av sib txuas, kev xaim thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev kub ceev moos tes hauj lwm, thiab decoupling qhov chaw thiab kev sib txuas ntawm capacitors, thiab lwm yam.

7. cov teeb meem xav tau kev saib xyuas hauv kev tsim thiab tso tawm cov ntaub ntawv Gerber

ib. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg uas yuav tsum tau tso tawm muaj xws li thaiv txheej (hauv qab txheej), silk screen txheej (nrog rau sab saum toj silk screen, hauv qab silk screen), solder mask (hauv qab daim npog ntsej muag), drilling txheej (hauv qab txheej), thiab cov ntaub ntawv drilling (NCDrill. )
b. Thaum teeb tsa Silk screen txheej, tsis txhob xaiv PartType, xaiv cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus (hauv qab txheej) thiab Daim Ntawv Qhia, Ntawv, Linec ntawm silk screen txheej. Thaum teeb tsa Layer ntawm txhua txheej, xaiv Board Outline. Thaum teeb tsa cov kab ntawv lo lo ntxhuav, tsis txhob Xaiv PartType, xaiv Cov Ntawv Qhia, Cov Ntawv, Line.d ntawm txheej saum toj kawg nkaus (hauv qab txheej) thiab txheej silk screen. Thaum tsim cov ntaub ntawv drilling, siv lub neej ntawd teeb tsa ntawm PowerPCB thiab tsis txhob hloov pauv.