pcb manufacturing txheej txheem
PCB (Printed Circuit Board), Suav lub npe hu ua cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board, tseem hu ua lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm, yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv hluav taws xob, yog lub cev txhawb nqa ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Vim nws yog tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob luam ntawv, nws yog hu ua "luam tawm" Circuit Court board.
Ua ntej PCBS, circuits tau ua los ntawm cov xaim rau taw tes. Qhov kev ntseeg ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov tsawg heev, vim hais tias raws li lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub voj voog, kev tawg ntawm txoj kab yuav ua rau cov kab node tawg lossis luv luv. Hlau winding thev naus laus zis yog qhov ua ntej loj hauv kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob, uas txhim kho cov kav ntev thiab hloov tau ntawm txoj kab los ntawm winding cov kab me me nyob ib ncig ntawm tus ncej ntawm qhov chaw txuas.
Raws li kev lag luam hluav taws xob tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab cov relays mus rau silicon semiconductors thiab kev sib koom ua ke, qhov loj thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kuj poob qis. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau nce zuj zus tuaj hauv cov neeg siv khoom lag luam, ua rau cov tuam txhab lag luam nrhiav cov kev daws teeb meem me me thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Yog li, PCB tau yug los.
PCB manufacturing txheej txheem
Kev tsim khoom ntawm PCB yog qhov nyuaj heev, siv plaub txheej luam ntawv ua piv txwv, nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom feem ntau suav nrog PCB layout, core board ntau lawm, sab hauv PCB layout hloov mus, core board drilling thiab tshuaj xyuas, lamination, drilling, qhov phab ntsa tooj liab tshuaj nag lossis daus. , sab nrauv PCB layout hloov chaw, txheej PCB etching thiab lwm cov kauj ruam.
1, PCB layout
Thawj kauj ruam hauv PCB ntau lawm yog los npaj thiab txheeb xyuas PCB Layout. Lub Hoobkas tsim PCB tau txais CAD cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm PCB tsim lub tuam txhab, thiab txij li txhua CAD software muaj nws tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb, lub Hoobkas PCB txhais lawv ua ib hom ntawv - Extended Gerber RS-274X lossis Gerber X2. Tom qab ntawd tus engineer ntawm lub Hoobkas yuav xyuas seb qhov kev teeb tsa PCB puas haum rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab seb puas muaj qhov tsis xws luag thiab lwm yam teeb meem.
2, core phaj ntau lawm
Ntxuav lub phaj tooj liab, yog tias muaj plua plav, nws tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kawg ntawm Circuit Court luv lossis tawg.
Lub 8-txheej PCB: nws yog tiag tiag ua los ntawm 3 tooj liab-coated daim hlau (core plates) ntxiv rau 2 tooj liab zaj duab xis, thiab tom qab ntawd sib txuas nrog cov nplooj ntawv ib nrab kho. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm pib los ntawm nruab nrab core phaj (4 lossis 5 txheej ntawm kab), thiab txuas ntxiv ua ke thiab tom qab ntawd kho. Kev tsim cov 4-txheej PCB zoo ib yam, tab sis tsuas yog siv 1 core board thiab 2 tooj liab zaj duab xis.
3, sab hauv PCB layout hloov chaw
Ua ntej, ob txheej ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws board (Core) yog ua. Tom qab ntxuav, lub phaj tooj liab yog npog nrog ib zaj duab xis photosensitive. Cov zaj duab xis solidifies thaum raug rau lub teeb, tsim ib qho kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis hla cov ntawv ci tooj liab ntawm lub phaj tooj liab.
Ob-txheej PCB layout zaj duab xis thiab ob txheej tooj liab clad phaj yog thaum kawg muab tso rau hauv txheej txheej PCB layout zaj duab xis los xyuas kom meej tias cov txheej txheej sab saud thiab qis ntawm PCB layout zaj duab xis yog stacked kom raug.
Lub sensitizer irradiates cov rhiab zaj duab xis ntawm cov ntawv ci tooj liab nrog lub teeb UV. Nyob rau hauv lub pob tshab zaj duab xis, rhiab zaj duab xis yog kho, thiab nyob rau hauv lub opaque zaj duab xis, tseem tsis tau kho rhiab films. Cov ntawv ci tooj liab npog nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab kho tau zoo yog qhov xav tau PCB layout kab, uas yog sib npaug rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm laser tshuab luam ntawv number case rau phau ntawv PCB.
Tom qab ntawd cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tsis muaj duab tsis zoo yog ntxuav nrog lye, thiab cov kab uas yuav tsum tau muaj tooj liab yuav raug them los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab kho tau zoo.
Cov ntawv nyiaj tsis xav tau tooj liab yog tom qab ntawd etched nrog lub zog alkali, xws li NaOH.
Tshem tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab kho kom zoo nkauj kom nthuav tawm cov ntawv ci tooj liab uas xav tau rau PCB layout kab.
4, core phaj drilling thiab tshuaj xyuas
Lub phaj tseem ceeb tau ua tiav. Tom qab ntawd xuas lub qhov sib txuam hauv cov phaj tseem ceeb kom yooj yim sib dhos nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv raw tom ntej
Thaum lub rooj tsavxwm tseem ceeb raug nias ua ke nrog lwm cov txheej txheem ntawm PCB, nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho, yog li kev tshuaj xyuas tseem ceeb heev. Lub tshuab yuav cia li sib piv nrog PCB layout kos duab los xyuas qhov tsis raug.
5. Laminate
Ntawm no yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv tshiab hu ua semi-curing sheet, uas yog cov nplaum ntawm cov core board thiab cov core board (PCB txheej tooj> 4), nrog rau cov core board thiab sab nrauv tooj liab ntawv ci, thiab kuj plays lub luag hauj lwm. ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov ntawv ci tooj liab qis thiab ob txheej ntawm cov ntawv ib nrab kho tau raug kho los ntawm qhov sib dhos thiab cov phaj hlau qis ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd cov phaj tseem ceeb kuj tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev sib tw, thiab thaum kawg ob txheej ntawm ib nrab kho. daim ntawv, ib txheej ntawm tooj liab ntawv nyiaj thiab ib txheej ntawm pressurized aluminium phaj yog them rau ntawm cov tub ntxhais phaj nyob rau hauv lem.
PCB boards uas yog clamped los ntawm cov hlau phaj yog muab tso rau ntawm lub bracket, thiab ces xa mus rau lub tshuab nqus tsev kub xovxwm rau lamination. Qhov kub ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev kub xovxwm melts epoxy resin nyob rau hauv daim ntawv semi-kho, tuav cov tub ntxhais daim hlau thiab tooj liab ntawv ci ua ke nyob rau hauv siab.
Tom qab lamination ua tiav, tshem tawm cov hlau phaj saum toj kawg nkaus nias lub PCB. Tom qab ntawd cov phaj siab aluminium raug muab tshem tawm, thiab cov phaj txhuas kuj ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib cais PCBS sib txawv thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov ntawv ci tooj liab ntawm PCB txheej txheej yog du. Lub sijhawm no, ob sab ntawm PCB raug tshem tawm yuav raug them los ntawm ib txheej ntawm cov ntawv ci tooj liab.
6. Drilling
Txhawm rau txuas plaub txheej ntawm cov ntawv nyiaj tsis sib cuag hauv PCB ua ke, ua ntej tho ib qho perforation los ntawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab kom qhib PCB, thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom lub qhov phab ntsa ua hluav taws xob.
X-ray drilling tshuab yog siv los nrhiav cov tub ntxhais sab hauv lub rooj tsavxwm, thiab lub tshuab yuav cia li nrhiav thiab nrhiav lub qhov ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm tseem ceeb, thiab tom qab ntawd xuas nrig ntaus qhov chaw ntawm PCB los xyuas kom meej tias qhov drilling tom ntej yog los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov.
Muab ib txheej ntawm aluminium ntawv rau ntawm lub tshuab xuas nrig ntaus thiab muab PCB tso rau ntawm nws. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, 1 mus rau 3 zoo tib yam PCB boards yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ke rau perforation raws li tus naj npawb ntawm PCB txheej. Thaum kawg, txheej txheej ntawm txhuas phaj yog them rau saum PCB, thiab cov txheej sab saud thiab qis ntawm txhuas phaj yog li ntawd thaum lub laum me ntsis drilling thiab drilling tawm, daim ntawv tooj liab ntawm PCB yuav tsis tsim kua muag.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem lamination dhau los, cov epoxy resin yaj tau raug nyem rau sab nraud ntawm PCB, yog li nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Lub tshuab milling profile txiav lub periphery ntawm PCB raws li qhov tseeb XY coordinates.
7. Copper tshuaj nag lossis daus ntawm phab ntsa pore
Txij li yuav luag tag nrho cov PCB tsim siv perforations los txuas cov txheej sib txawv ntawm cov xaim, kev sib txuas zoo yuav tsum muaj 25 micron tooj liab zaj duab xis ntawm lub qhov phab ntsa. Lub thickness ntawm tooj liab zaj duab xis yuav tsum tau ua tiav los ntawm electroplating, tab sis lub qhov phab ntsa yog tsim los ntawm non-conductive epoxy resin thiab fiberglass board.
Yog li ntawd, thawj kauj ruam yog txhawm rau khaws cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov, thiab tsim 1 micron tooj liab zaj duab xis ntawm tag nrho PCB nto, suav nrog cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov, los ntawm kev tso tshuaj lom neeg. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem, xws li kev kho tshuaj thiab kev tu, yog tswj los ntawm lub tshuab.
Tsau PCB
Ntxuav PCB
Shipping PCB
8, sab nrauv PCB layout hloov
Tom ntej no, txheej txheej PCB yuav raug xa mus rau cov ntawv ci tooj liab, thiab cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li yav dhau los core PCB layout hloov lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, uas yog siv cov ntawv theej duab thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab rhiab los hloov cov txheej txheem PCB mus rau cov ntawv ci tooj liab, tsuas yog qhov sib txawv yog tias cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo yuav raug siv los ua pawg thawj coj.
Sab hauv PCB layout hloov chaw txais yuav txoj kev rho tawm, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis zoo yog siv los ua pawg thawj coj. Lub PCB yog them los ntawm cov khoom siv yees duab khov kho rau kab, ntxuav cov duab thaij duab tsis muaj zog, cov ntawv ci tooj liab raug etched, PCB layout kab yog tiv thaiv los ntawm solidified yees duab zaj duab xis thiab sab laug.
Lub txheej txheej PCB hloov pauv tau txais txoj hauv kev ib txwm, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo yog siv los ua pawg thawj coj. Lub PCB yog them los ntawm kev kho cov yeeb yaj kiab photosensitive rau thaj chaw uas tsis yog kab. Tom qab ntxuav cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tsis muaj duab tsis zoo, electroplating yog ua. Qhov twg muaj zaj duab xis, nws tsis tuaj yeem electroplated, thiab qhov twg tsis muaj zaj duab xis, nws yog plated nrog tooj liab thiab ces tin. Tom qab cov yeeb yaj kiab raug tshem tawm, alkaline etching yog ua, thiab thaum kawg lub tin raug tshem tawm. Cov kab qauv yog sab laug rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm vim nws muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tin.
Clamp lub PCB thiab electroplate tooj rau nws. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias lub qhov muaj qhov ua tau zoo txaus, cov yeeb yaj kiab tooj liab electroplated ntawm lub qhov phab ntsa yuav tsum muaj qhov tuab ntawm 25 microns, yog li tag nrho cov kab ke yuav raug tswj hwm los ntawm lub computer kom ntseeg tau tias nws raug.
9, sab nrauv PCB etching
Cov txheej txheem etching yog tom qab ntawd ua tiav los ntawm cov kav dej ua tiav. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kho photosensitive zaj duab xis ntawm lub PCB board yog ntxuav tawm. Nws yog tom qab ntawd ntxuav nrog lub zog alkali kom tshem tawm cov ntawv tsis xav tau tooj liab npog los ntawm nws. Tom qab ntawd tshem tawm cov tin txheej ntawm PCB layout tooj liab ntawv ci nrog cov tshuaj detinning. Tom qab ntxuav, 4-txheej PCB layout tiav.