1 - Kev siv cov txheej txheem hybrid
Txoj cai dav dav yog kom txo qis kev siv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke thiab txwv lawv rau qee qhov xwm txheej. Piv txwv li, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntxig ib qho los ntawm qhov (PTH) feem ntau yuav luag tsis tau them los ntawm tus nqi ntxiv thiab lub sijhawm xav tau rau kev sib dhos. Hloov chaw, siv ntau yam khoom siv PTH lossis tshem tawm tag nrho los ntawm tus qauv tsim yog qhov zoo dua thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua. Yog tias yuav tsum muaj PTH thev naus laus zis, nws raug nquahu kom tso tag nrho cov khoom sib txuas ntawm tib sab ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, yog li txo lub sijhawm xav tau los ua ke.

2 - Cov khoom loj
Thaum lub sij hawm tsim PCB, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv cov pob kom raug rau txhua qhov khoom. Feem ntau, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum xaiv lub pob me me yog tias koj muaj qhov laj thawj siv tau; txwv tsis pub, txav mus rau lub pob loj dua. Qhov tseeb, cov neeg tsim hluav taws xob feem ntau xaiv cov khoom siv nrog cov pob khoom me me uas tsis tsim nyog, tsim teeb meem tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm sib dhos thiab tuaj yeem hloov kho Circuit Court. Nyob ntawm seb qhov kev hloov pauv yuav tsum tau ua li cas, qee zaum nws yuav yooj yim dua rau rov ua kom tag nrho lub rooj tsavxwm tsis yog tshem tawm thiab ua kom cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua.

3 - Cheebtsam chaw nyob
Cov hneev taw hneev taw yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib dhos. Yog li ntawd, PCB cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias txhua lub pob yog tsim kom raug raws li cov qauv hauv av uas tau teev tseg hauv txhua daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshwm sim los ntawm cov hneev taw tsis raug yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov hu ua "tombstone effect", tseem hu ua Manhattan effect lossis alligator effect. Qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim thaum cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tau txais cov cua sov tsis sib xws thaum lub sij hawm soldering, ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los lo rau PCB ntawm ib sab xwb tsis yog ob qho tib si. Qhov tshwm sim tombstone feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv SMD passive xws li resistors, capacitors, thiab inductors. Qhov laj thawj rau nws qhov tshwm sim yog cua sov tsis sib xws. Cov laj thawj yog raws li nram no:

Av qauv qhov ntev uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tivthaiv yog qhov tsis raug Cov amplitudes sib txawv ntawm cov lem txuas nrog ob lub ncoo ntawm cov khoom siv dav dav dav dav, ua raws li lub dab dej kub.

4 - Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom
Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm PCB tsis ua haujlwm yog qhov chaw tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom ua rau overheating. Qhov chaw yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov complex circuits uas yuav tsum tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau nyuaj heev. Muab ib qho kev tivthaiv ze rau lwm cov khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov teeb meem sib txawv, qhov hnyav uas yuav xav tau kev hloov pauv ntawm PCB tsim lossis kev tsim khoom, nkim sijhawm thiab nce nqi.

Thaum siv automated los ua ke thiab kuaj cov cav tov, xyuas kom meej tias txhua yam khoom nyob deb txaus ntawm cov khoom siv, Circuit Court board npoo, thiab tag nrho lwm yam khoom. Cheebtsam uas nyob ze ua ke los yog tig tsis raug yog qhov teeb meem thaum lub sij hawm yoj soldering. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov khoom siv siab dua ua ntej qhov siab qis dua ntawm txoj hauv kev ua raws li yoj, qhov no tuaj yeem tsim "duab ntxoov ntxoo" cuam tshuam uas ua rau lub vuam tsis muaj zog. Integrated circuits rotated perpendicular mus rau ib leeg yuav muaj cov nyhuv tib yam.

5 – Daim ntawv teev npe hloov tshiab
Daim nqi ntawm cov khoom (BOM) yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv PCB tsim thiab cov theem sib dhos. Qhov tseeb, yog tias BOM muaj qhov yuam kev lossis tsis raug, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem ncua lub sijhawm sib dhos kom txog thaum cov teeb meem no raug daws. Ib txoj hauv kev los xyuas kom meej tias BOM yeej ib txwm muaj tseeb thiab mus txog hnub kawg yog ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm BOM txhua zaus cov qauv PCB hloov kho. Piv txwv li, yog tias ib qho khoom tshiab tau ntxiv rau thawj qhov project, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias BOM tau hloov kho thiab zoo ib yam los ntawm kev nkag mus rau tus lej raug, piav qhia, thiab tus nqi.

6 - Siv cov ntsiab lus datum
Cov ntsiab lus fiducial, tseem hu ua fiducial marks, yog cov duab tooj liab uas siv los ua cov cim ntawm cov khoom sib dhos. Fiducials pab kom cov tshuab siv hluav taws xob no paub txog lub rooj tsav xwm kev taw qhia thiab ua kom zoo sib sau ua ke me me qhov chaw mount cov khoom xws li Quad Flat Pack (QFP), Pob Grid Array (BGA) lossis Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN).

Fiducials tau muab faib ua ob pawg: lub ntiaj teb fiducial markers thiab hauv zos fiducial markers. Cov cim thoob ntiaj teb tau muab tso rau ntawm cov npoo ntawm PCB, tso cai rau xaiv thiab tso cov cav tov los kuaj xyuas lub rooj tsav xwm kev taw qhia hauv XY dav hlau. Cov qhab nia hauv zos muab tso rau ze ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm square SMD cov khoom siv los ntawm lub tshuab muab tso rau kom meej qhov chaw ntawm cov hneev taw, yog li txo cov txheeb ze qhov teeb meem thaum sib dhos. Datum cov ntsiab lus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thaum ib qhov project muaj ntau yam khoom uas nyob ze rau ib leeg. Daim duab 2 qhia txog lub rooj sib tham Arduino Uno nrog ob lub ntsiab lus siv thoob ntiaj teb uas tau qhia hauv liab.