Tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board yuav tsum tau tsim los yog hom khoom siv twg, PCB yuav tsum ua haujlwm kom zoo. Nws yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm ntau yam khoom, thiab kev ua tsis tiav tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj.
Kev kuaj xyuas PCB thaum lub sijhawm tsim, tsim khoom, thiab kev sib dhos yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom ua tau raws li cov qauv zoo thiab ua tau raws li qhov xav tau. Niaj hnub no, PCBs yog qhov nyuaj heev. Txawm hais tias qhov nyuaj no muab chav rau ntau yam tshiab, nws kuj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ntawm kev ua tsis tiav. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm PCB, kev tshuaj xyuas cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab cov cuab yeej siv los xyuas kom meej tias nws cov khoom zoo tau dhau los ua ntau dua.
Xaiv cov cuab yeej tshawb nrhiav kom raug los ntawm PCB hom, cov kauj ruam tam sim no hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov kev ua txhaum yuav raug kuaj. Tsim kom muaj ib qho kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab kev soj ntsuam kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej cov khoom zoo.
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Vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas PCB?
Kev tshuaj xyuas yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom PCB. Nws tuaj yeem ntes PCB qhov tsis xws luag txhawm rau kho lawv thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tag nrho.
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm PCB tuaj yeem nthuav tawm txhua yam tsis xws luag uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom lossis kev sib dhos. Nws tseem tuaj yeem pab nthuav tawm txhua qhov kev tsim teeb meem uas yuav muaj nyob. Kev kuaj xyuas PCB tom qab txhua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem pom qhov tsis xws luag ua ntej nkag mus rau theem tom ntej, yog li tsis txhob nkim sijhawm ntau thiab nyiaj txiag los yuav cov khoom tsis raug. Nws tseem tuaj yeem pab nrhiav qhov tsis xws luag ib zaug uas cuam tshuam rau ib lossis ntau dua PCBs. Cov txheej txheem no yuav pab kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo sib xws ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm Circuit Court thiab cov khoom kawg.
Yog tsis muaj cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas PCB kom raug, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo yuav raug xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. Yog tias tus neeg siv khoom tau txais cov khoom tsis raug, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav raug kev puas tsuaj vim kev them nyiaj lav lossis xa rov qab. Cov neeg siv khoom kuj yuav poob kev ntseeg siab hauv lub tuam txhab, yog li ua rau lub tuam txhab lub koob npe nrov. Yog tias cov neeg siv khoom txav lawv cov lag luam mus rau lwm qhov chaw, qhov xwm txheej no yuav ua rau tsis muaj sijhawm.
Qhov phem tshaj plaws, yog tias PCB tsis raug siv rau hauv cov khoom xws li cov khoom siv kho mob lossis qhov chaw pib, nws yuav ua rau raug mob lossis tuag. Cov teeb meem zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau poob lub koob npe nrov thiab kev sib foob kim heev.
Kev tshuaj xyuas PCB tseem tuaj yeem pab txhim kho tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom PCB. Yog tias muaj qhov tsis xws luag feem ntau pom, kev ntsuas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem los kho qhov tsis xws luag.
Printed Circuit Board los ua ke soj ntsuam txoj kev
Kev tshuaj xyuas PCB yog dab tsi? Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias PCB tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau raws li qhov xav tau, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov khoom tau sib sau ua ke kom raug. Qhov no tau ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem, los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas phau ntawv yooj yim mus rau kev ntsuas kev siv cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas PCB siab heev.
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm tes yog qhov pib zoo. Rau cov PCBs yooj yim, koj tsuas yog xav tau lawv.
Manual kev kuaj pom:
Daim ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas PCB yog kev kuaj pom kev pom (MVI). Txhawm rau ua qhov kev sim no, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem saib lub rooj tsavxwm nrog lub qhov muag liab qab lossis nthuav dav. Lawv yuav sib piv lub rooj tsavxwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv tsim los xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov lus qhia tau ua tiav. Lawv kuj tseem yuav nrhiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo li qub. Hom kev tsis xws luag uas lawv saib yog nyob ntawm hom Circuit Court board thiab cov khoom ntawm nws.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua MVI tom qab yuav luag txhua kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem PCB (nrog rau kev sib dhos).
Tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yuav luag txhua yam ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm Circuit Court thiab saib xyuas ntau yam tsis xws luag hauv txhua yam. Ib daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov muag pom PCB tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
Xyuas kom tseeb tias lub thickness ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yog qhov tseeb, thiab xyuas qhov roughness thiab warpage.
Xyuas seb qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov khoom ua tau raws li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, thiab ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Tshawb xyuas qhov ncaj ncees thiab meej ntawm cov qauv kev coj ua, thiab tshawb xyuas cov txuas txuas txuas, qhib circuits, burrs thiab voids.
Tshawb xyuas qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw thiab tom qab ntawd xyuas cov dents, dents, khawb, pinholes thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm thiab cov ntaub qhwv.
Paub meej tias txhua qhov dhau ntawm qhov nyob hauv txoj haujlwm raug. Xyuas kom tseeb tias tsis muaj qhov omissions lossis qhov tsis tsim nyog, txoj kab uas hla sib xws nrog cov qauv tsim, thiab tsis muaj qhov khoob lossis pob qhov rooj.
Tshawb xyuas qhov ruaj khov, roughness thiab ci ntsa iab ntawm lub phaj nraub qaum, thiab xyuas seb qhov teeb meem tshwm sim.
Ntsuam xyuas txheej zoo. Xyuas cov xim ntawm cov plating flux, thiab seb nws puas yog ib yam, ruaj thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb txoj hauj lwm.
Piv nrog rau lwm hom kev tshuaj xyuas, MVI muaj ntau qhov zoo. Vim nws qhov yooj yim, nws yog tus nqi qis. Tsuas yog ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau, tsis tas yuav muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Cov tshev no tseem tuaj yeem ua tau sai heev, thiab lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim ntxiv rau qhov kawg ntawm txhua txheej txheem.
Txhawm rau ua qhov kev soj ntsuam zoo li no, tsuas yog qhov xav tau yog nrhiav cov neeg ua haujlwm tshaj lij. Yog tias koj muaj kev txawj ntse tsim nyog, cov txheej txheem no yuav pab tau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem siv cov qauv tsim thiab paub tias qhov tsis xws luag yuav tsum tau sau tseg.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev kuaj no yog txwv. Nws tsis tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas cov khoom uas tsis nyob hauv tus neeg ua haujlwm txoj kab pom. Piv txwv li, zais cov pob qij txha tsis tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas li no. Cov neeg ua haujlwm kuj tseem nco tau qee qhov tsis xws luag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov tsis xws luag. Siv txoj kev no los tshuaj xyuas cov vaj huam sib luag nyuaj nrog ntau cov khoom me me yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb.
Automated optical soj ntsuam:
Koj tuaj yeem siv lub tshuab kuaj xyuas PCB rau kev kuaj pom. Txoj kev no hu ua automated optical inspection (AOI).
AOI systems siv ntau qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo thiab ib lossis ntau qhov chaw nres tsheb lossis lub koob yees duab rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Lub teeb ci ci ntsa iab PCB pawg thawj coj saib ntawm txhua lub kaum ntse ntse. Lub koob yees duab ces siv ib daim duab tseem lossis yees duab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm Circuit Court thiab muab tso ua ke los tsim ib daim duab tiav ntawm lub cuab yeej. Lub kaw lus ces muab piv rau nws cov duab ntes nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm los ntawm cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb lossis kev pom zoo ua tiav chav nyob.
Ob qho 2D thiab 3D AOI cov cuab yeej muaj. Lub tshuab 2D AOI siv cov teeb xim xim thiab cov koob yees duab sab los ntawm ntau lub kaum sab xis los tshuaj xyuas cov khoom uas nws qhov siab cuam tshuam. 3D AOI cov cuab yeej yog qhov tshiab thiab tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov siab nrawm thiab raug.
AOI tuaj yeem pom ntau yam tsis xws luag xws li MVI, nrog rau cov nodules, khawb, qhib circuits, solder thinning, cov khoom ploj, thiab lwm yam.
AOI yog cov cuab yeej paub tab thiab muaj tseeb uas tuaj yeem kuaj pom ntau qhov tsis raug hauv PCBs. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau theem ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom PCB. Nws kuj tseem nrawm dua MVI thiab tshem tawm qhov ua tau ntawm tib neeg kev ua yuam kev. Zoo li MVI, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv los tshuaj xyuas cov khoom tawm ntawm qhov pom, xws li kev sib txuas hauv qab pob kab sib chaws (BGA) thiab lwm hom ntim. Qhov no tej zaum yuav tsis zoo rau PCBs uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab, vim qee qhov ntawm cov khoom yuav raug muab zais lossis tsis pom.
Tsis siv neeg laser xeem ntsuas:
Lwm txoj kev ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas PCB yog kev ntsuas tsis siv neeg laser (ALT) ntsuas. Koj tuaj yeem siv ALT los ntsuas qhov loj ntawm cov pob qij txha thiab cov pob qij txha sib koom ua ke thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam khoom.
ALT system siv lub laser scan thiab ntsuas PCB Cheebtsam. Thaum lub teeb pom kev los ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, lub kaw lus siv txoj haujlwm ntawm lub teeb los txiav txim siab nws qhov siab. Nws kuj ntsuas qhov kev siv ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo los txiav txim siab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom. Lub kaw lus tuaj yeem sib piv cov kev ntsuas no nrog cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb, lossis nrog cov rooj sib tham hauv Circuit Court uas tau pom zoo los txheeb xyuas qhov tsis xws luag.
Kev siv ALT system yog qhov zoo rau kev txiav txim siab tus nqi thiab qhov chaw ntawm solder paste deposits. Nws muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sib tw, viscosity, kev huv thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv luam ntawv. Txoj kev ALT muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab tuaj yeem ntsuas tau sai heev. Cov kev ntsuas no feem ntau yog qhov tseeb tab sis raug cuam tshuam los yog tiv thaiv.
X-ray soj ntsuam:
Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm nto mount technology, PCBs tau ua ntau thiab ntau txoj. Tam sim no, Circuit Court pawg muaj ntau dua ntom ntom, thiab suav nrog nti cov pob khoom xws li BGA thiab nti nplai ntim (CSP), los ntawm uas zais solder sib txuas tsis tuaj yeem pom. Cov haujlwm no coj cov teeb meem rau kev kuaj pom xws li MVI thiab AOI.
Txhawm rau kov yeej cov teeb meem no, cov cuab yeej kuaj X-ray tuaj yeem siv tau. Cov khoom absorbs X-rays raws li nws qhov hnyav atomic. Cov ntsiab lus hnyav dua nqus ntau dua thiab cov khoom sib zog nqus tsawg dua, uas tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom. Solder yog ua los ntawm cov khoom hnyav xws li tin, nyiaj, thiab txhuas, thaum feem ntau lwm yam ntawm PCB yog ua los ntawm cov khoom sib zog xws li txhuas, tooj liab, carbon, thiab silicon. Yog li ntawd, lub solder yog yooj yim pom thaum lub sij hawm kuaj X-ray, thaum yuav luag tag nrho lwm yam Cheebtsam (xws li substrates, leads, thiab silicon integrated circuits) yog tsis pom.
X-rays tsis zoo li lub teeb, tab sis dhau los ntawm ib qho khoom los tsim cov duab ntawm cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov pob chip thiab lwm yam khoom siv los kuaj xyuas cov kev sib txuas hauv qab lawv. Kev kuaj X-ray kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom sab hauv cov pob qij txha txhawm rau pom cov npuas uas tsis tuaj yeem pom nrog AOI.
X-ray system kuj tuaj yeem pom lub pob taws ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke. Thaum lub sij hawm AOI, qhov sib koom ua ke yuav raug them los ntawm cov hlau lead. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum siv X-ray tshuaj xyuas, tsis muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo nkag. Yog li ntawd, kev tshuaj xyuas X-ray ua haujlwm zoo rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog cov khoom ntom ntom. X-ray tshuaj xyuas cov cuab yeej siv tau rau kev kuaj X-ray, lossis tsis siv neeg X-ray tuaj yeem siv rau kev kuaj X-ray tsis siv neeg (AXI).
Kev kuaj X-ray yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau lub rooj sib tham hauv Circuit Court, thiab muaj qee yam haujlwm uas lwm txoj kev tshuaj xyuas tsis muaj, xws li muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv cov pob chips. Nws kuj tseem siv tau zoo los tshawb xyuas cov PCBs tsis zoo, thiab tuaj yeem ua ntau cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov pob qij txha sib dhos. Cov thev naus laus zis yog me ntsis tshiab, nyuaj dua, thiab muaj peev xwm kim dua. Tsuas yog thaum koj muaj ntau lub rooj tsav xwm ntom ntom nrog BGA, CSP thiab lwm cov pob khoom zoo li no, koj yuav tsum tau nqis peev rau hauv cov khoom siv kuaj X-ray.