01
Cov kev cai yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw
1. Raws li Circuit Court modules, ua kom muaj kev teeb tsa thiab cov kev sib tshuam uas ua tiav cov haujlwm qub hu ua module. Cov Cheebtsam hauv Circuit Corruitual Qauv yuav tsum tau txais lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab ke nyob ze, thiab cov qauv kev sib cais yuav tsum tau sib cais;
2. Tsis muaj cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau nce nyob rau hauv 1.27 hli
3. Zam kev tso tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv qab ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib txuas lus luv luv
4. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm sab nraud ntawm cov khoom siv thiab ntawm ntug ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yog 5 hli;
5. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm sab nraud ntawm mounting tivthaiv ncoo thiab sab nraud ntawm qhov sib tham sib txuas sib xyaw ntau dua 2 hli;
6. Hlau plhaub sib xyaw thiab cov thawv hlau (thaiv cov thawv, thiab lwm yam) yuav tsum tsis txhob kov lwm yam thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob ze rau cov luam tawm thiab cov ntaub qhwv. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yuav tsum loj dua 2 hli. Qhov loj me ntawm lub qhov chaw tso tawm, ceev nrawm nruab qhov, lub qhov qis thiab lwm lub qhov xwm txheej hauv lub rooj tsavxwm sab nraud ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm sab nraud yog ntau dua 3 hli;
7. Cua sov cov ntsiab yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ze rau cov xov hlau thiab cov khoom kub-rhiab; cov ntsiab lus siab-cua sov yuav tsum tau faib covyees.
8. Lub zog fais fab yuav tsum tau teem ib ncig ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm raws li sai tau, thiab lub chaw tos tsheb loj thiab lub tsheb thauj mus los yuav tsum tau teem rau tib sab. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them tsis tas npaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas ntawm cov kab hlau thiab cov kev sib txuas, nrog rau cov qauv tsim thiab khi ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Cov kev npaj plav ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab vuam txuas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los pab txhawb cov ntsaws thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub hwj chim plugs;
9. Kev npaj lwm cov khoom:
Txhua tus IC cov khoom siv tau ua raws ib sab, thiab polarity ntawm polar cheebtsam yog cim kom pom tseeb. Cov polarity ntawm tib lub npe luam tawm tsis tuaj yeem cim ntau dua li ob qho lus qhia. Thaum ob qhov lus qhia tshwm sim, ob cov lus qhia yog sib tshuam rau ib leeg;
10. Cov xaim ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm yuav tsum ntom thiab ntom. Thaum lub nrawm sib txawv yog loj heev, nws yuav tsum tau sau nrog Mesh tooj liab ntawv ci, thiab daim phiaj yuav tsum muaj ntau dua 8mil (lossis 0.2 hli);
11. Yuav tsum tsis muaj los ntawm qhov ntawm SMD Pads kom tsis txhob muab tshuaj txhuam hniav tsis tseeb thiab ua rau cov khoom cuav tsis tseeb ntawm cov cheebtsam. Cov paib tseem ceeb tsis raug tso cai hla dhau ntawm lub ntswj pins;
12. Lub thaj yog mus raws ib sab, cov kev taw qhia cim yog tib yam, thiab kev sib tw ntim yog qhov zoo ib yam;
13. Txog li sai tau, cov khoom siv polarized yuav tsum ua kom zoo sib xws nrog cov kev xaiv polarity rau ntawm tib lub rooj tsavxwm.

Cov Kev Cai Uas Tsis Muaj

1. Kos cov kab hluav taws xob hauv 1 hli los ntawm ntug ntawm PCB Board thiab tsis pub dhau 1mm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub mounting lub qhov, txoj hlab ntsha txwv;
2. Lub hwj chim kab yuav tsum yog dav li sai tau thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua 18mil; Daim teeb liab kab dav yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 12mil; Lub tswv yim CPU thiab cov tso zis yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 10mil (lossis 8mil); Cov kab spacing yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 10mil;
3. Qhov qub ntawm yog tsis tsawg tshaj 30mil;
4. Dual nyob rau hauv-kab: 60mil ncoo, 40mil aperture;
1/ 4W Kuj: 51 * 55mil (0805 nto mount); Thaum nyob hauv-kab, hauv ncoo yog 62mil thiab lub aperture yog 42mil;
Infinite capacitance: 51 * 55mil (0805 nto mount); Thaum nyob hauv-kab, hauv ncoo yog 50mil, thiab lub aperture yog 28mil;
5

03
Yuav ua li cas thiaj txhim kho kev cuam tshuam tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab electromagnetic sib xyaw?
Yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam thiab electromagnetic sib xyaw thaum txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog cov processors?

1. Cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau anti-electromagnetic cuam tshuam:
(1) lub kaw lus uas lub microckontroller moos tau ntau thiab kev nce tsheb yuav ceev heev.
(2) Lub kaw lus muaj cov hluav taws xob high-zog, xws li tsav tsheb hluav taws xob ntau, cov khoom xa hluav taws xob rov qab, siab dua tshiab hloov, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Lub kaw lus uas muaj qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov teeb meem hluav taws xob sib xyaw thiab lub siab-precision a / d hloov koob tshiab.

2. Siv cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no kom nce cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm lub system:
(1) Xaiv ib microcontroller nrog tsawg zaus:
Xaiv lub microcontroller nrog lub moos sab nraud qis tuaj yeem txo cov suab nrov thiab txhim kho cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Rau square vuag thiab sine yoj ntawm tib zaus, cov ntau zaus cov hluav taws xob hauv cov nthwv dej square yog ntau tshaj li ntawm cov sine yoj. Txawm hais tias qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm cov zaus ntawm cov nthwv dej square me dua li cov nthwv dej, qhov ntau dua yog qhov emit raws li lub suab nrov. Cov suab nrov tshaj plaws uas muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm los ntawm microcontroller yog li 3 zaug lub moos zaus.

(2) txo cov distortion nyob rau hauv kev kis teeb liab
Microcontrollers yog feem ntau yog tsim kev siv high-ceev cmos thev naus laus zis. Lub tswv yim zoo li tam sim no ntawm lub npe nkag ntawm lub npe nkag yog hais txog 1MA, cov tswv yim capacitance yog kwv yees li 10pf, thiab cov lus tawm tswv yim yog qhov siab heev. Cov zis tso zis ntawm lub siab-ceev CMOS COLOS muaj lub peev xwm siab tau, uas yog, cov zis loj. Cov hlau ntev ua rau lub tswv yim lub davhlau ya nyob twg nrog cov teeb meem tawm tswv yim zoo heev, nws yuav ua rau lub teeb liab distortion thiab nce system suab nrov. Thaum TPD> Tr, nws dhau los ua qhov teeb meem kis, thiab teeb meem xws li lub teeb liab xav txog thiab kev sib txuam cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.

Lub sijhawm ncua ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm yog cuam tshuam nrog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov hmoov txhuas, uas cuam tshuam nrog lub dielectric concuital board cov khoom siv. Nws tuaj yeem raug txheeb xyuas qhov kev kis tau ntawm cov teeb liab ceev ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm pawg thawj coj yog li 1/3 txog 1/2 ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb. Qhov TR (txheem ncua sij hawm) ntawm cov xov tooj uas nquag siv xov tooj hauv lub kaw lus tsim ntawm microcontroller yog ntawm 3 thiab 18 NS.

Ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Court, lub teeb liab hla dhau ntawm 7W resistor thiab 25cm-lead ntev, thiab ncua sij hawm ntawm txoj kab yog kwv yees li 4 ~ 20ns. Hauv lwm lo lus, luv luv lub teeb liab txhuas ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Court, qhov zoo dua, thiab ntev tshaj plaws yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 25cm. Thiab tus naj npawb ntawm Vias yuav tsum yog me me li sai tau, nyiam dua tsis muaj ntau tshaj ob.
Thaum lub sij hawm teeb liab lub sij hawm sai dua li lub teeb liab ncua sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ceev. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, lub impedance txuam ntawm tus kis tus kab yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Rau qhov sib kis teeb liab nruab nrab ntawm cov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm hluav taws xob, qhov xwm txheej ntawm TD> TRD yuav tsum zam. Qhov loj dua cov ntawv luam tawm hluav taws xob, lub kaw lus nrawm nrawm tsis tau.
Siv cov lus xaus nram qab no los piav qhia txoj cai ntawm luam cov board tsim:
Lub teeb liab kis tau rau ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, thiab lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dua cov nominal ncua sijhawm ntawm lub cuab yeej siv.

(3) Txo tus ntoo khaub lig * kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov paib teeb liab:
Ib kauj ruam ntawm cov teeb liab uas muaj lub sijhawm nce ntawm qhov kis tau yog kis tau rau lub davhlau ya ya davhlau B los ntawm Lead AB. Lub sijhawm ncua ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm AB LINE yog TD. Thaum taw tes D, vim tias qhov kis tau rau pem hauv ntej ntawm taw tes, lub teeb liab liab qab rau tom qab mus txog rau kev tawm ntawm TRT ntawm kev ua haujlwm tom qab TD lub sijhawm. Thaum taw tes c, vim muaj teeb liab ntawm AB, ib qho cim mem tes thiab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm lub teeb liab, uas yog, yog ntxias. Qhov no yog qhov kev cuam tshuam hla ntawm cov paib. Kev siv ntawm cov teeb meem cuam tshuam cuam tshuam nrog DI / ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm taw tes C thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kab. Thaum ob lub cim kos tsis ntev heev, qhov koj pom ntawm AB yog qhov tseeb ntawm superposition ntawm ob qho pulses.

Lub micro-tswj tau los ntawm Cmos Technology muaj cov lus tawm tswv yim siab, suab nrov siab, thiab siab ua suab nrov. Lub Digital Circuit tau superimposed nrog 100 ~ 200MV suab nrov thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau nws cov haujlwm. Yog hais tias tus ab kab hauv daim duab yog lub cim analog, cov kev cuam tshuam no ua rau thev naus laus zis. Piv txwv li, cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Court yog plaub-txheej board, yog ib qho yog thaj chaw sab nraud, thiab ib sab ntawm thaj chaw, tus ntoo khaub lig * kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov cim sib cuam tshuam yuav raug txo. Qhov laj thawj yog qhov chaw loj ntawm cov av txo tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov teeb liab, thiab kev xav ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm qhov kawg tau txo qis heev. Cov xeeb ceem impersance yog inversely proportional rau lub xwmfab ntawm lub square ntawm kab rau hauv av, thiab sib npaug rau lub ntuj logarithm ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub nruab nrab. Yog hais tias tus ab kab yog ib qho teeb liab analog, kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm AB, thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog rau ntawm AB, thiab cov kab kev sib nrug Nws tuaj yeem yog ib nrab ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog, thiab cov xov hlau tau muab tso rau sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm cov hmoov txhuas ntawm ib sab nrog cov hmoov txhuas.

(4) Txo cov suab nrov los ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab
Thaum lub zog muab hluav taws xob muab lub zog rau lub kaw lus, nws kuj ntxiv nws lub suab nrov rau lub zog hluav taws xob. Cov kab pib pib dua, cuam tshuam kab, thiab lwm txoj kab ntawm lub micruitfer hauv lub micrchontroller hauv lub micrchontroller nyob rau hauv lub pob ntseg muaj kev cuam tshuam rau sab nraud. Kev cuam tshuam muaj zog ntawm lub zog GARR nkag mus rau hauv Circuit Court los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Txawm nyob hauv lub roj teeb hluav taws xob, lub roj teeb nws tus kheej muaj cov suab nrov zoo. Cov teeb liab analog hauv lub analog Circuit Court yog tsawg dua tuaj yeem tiv nrog kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hwj chim.

(5) Ua tib zoo mloog rau cov yam ntxwv siab ntawm cov ntawv xov hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev loj heev, cov ua, vias, captors, capacitors, thiab capacitance kev txuas nrog cov ntawv tshaj tawm tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Cov lus tau faib tawm ntawm lub capacitor tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej, thiab faib hluav taws xob ntawm lub koom haum tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Cov kev tawm tsam tsim cov teeb liab tseem ceeb, thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov hmoov txhuas yuav ua lub luag haujlwm. Thaum lub sijhawm ntev tshaj li 1/20 ntawm cov lus sib xws nrog cov suab nrov zaus, cov kav hlau txais xov yog tsim los ntawm cov hmoov txhuas.

Lub ntawm qhov ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Court ua rau kwv yees li 0.6 pf ntawm capacitance.
Cov khoom ntim ntim ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw nws tus kheej qhia tau 2 ~ 6pf capactructors.
Ib qho txuas rau ntawm Circuit Court Board tau faib khoom ntawm 520NH. Ib qho dual-hauv-kab 24-tus lej ua ke Circuit Cokwer SKWER qhia txog 4 ~ 18nh faib inductance.
Cov kev faib tawm me me no yog qhov tsis lees paub hauv kab no ntawm tsawg-zaus MicroController Systems; Saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov tshuab nrawm.

(6) cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum yog tsim nyog faib
Txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov tib leeg ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm cov ntawv tsav tsheb yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob. Ib qho ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tias cov kev coj ua nruab nrab ntawm cov cheebtsam yuav tsum yog luv li sai tau. Hauv kev teeb tsa, cov teeb liab analog ib feem, lub siab-ceev digital Circuit Court (xws li cov khoom nrov, siab dua tshiab hloov mus rau qhov tsis muaj teeb liab txuas ntawm lawv.

G kov lub hauv av xaim
Ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Court, lub hwj huam hauv av thiab cov hauv av yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom kov yeej hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog av.
Rau ob chav panels, cov av xaim layout yog tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. Los ntawm kev siv ntawm ib leeg-taw tes hauv av, lub zog hluav taws xob thiab av tau txuas nrog cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Court board los ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm lub zog. Lub zog hluav taws xob muaj ib qho kev sib cuag thiab hauv av muaj ib qho kev sib cuag. Ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Court, yuav tsum muaj ntau cov xov hlau rov qab, uas yuav muab sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw sib chwv ntawm kev xa rov qab muab kev xa rov qab. Qhov thiaj li hu ua analog av, digital av, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau rau kev sib cais ntawm cov xaim, thiab thaum kawg txhua tus sib sau ua ke rau qhov chaw hauv av no. Thaum sib txuas nrog cov cim qhia tsis yog cov ntawv luam tawm hluav taws xob, cov ntaub thaiv npog feem ntau yog siv. Rau qhov loj thiab cov cim digital, ob qho tag nrho ntawm cov thaiv npog cable tau txais av. Ib qho kawg ntawm cov thaiv npog cable rau cov cim ntsuas analog tsawg yuav tsum tau nyob hauv.
Circuits uas muaj kev nkag siab zoo heev thiab kev cuam tshuam lossis cov suab nrov uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov suab nrov uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau thaiv cov hlau npog.

(7) Siv cov decoupling capacitors zoo.
Qhov zoo-zaus decoupling capacitor tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khoom siv siab ntau li ntawm 1GHz. Ceramic chip canactritors lossis multilayer cericic ceracitors muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua. Thaum tsim cov ntawv luam tawm hluav taws xob, lub capouspling capacitor yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntawm lub zog thiab hauv av ntawm txhua CLEGCUATED Circuitaccuit Court. Lub capouspling capacitor muaj ob txoj haujlwm: nws yog lub zog cia capuitor ntawm Circuitacory, uas muab thiab rho tawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev qhib thiab kaw cov kev sib xyaw Circuit Court; Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws bypasses lub siab-ua suab nrov ntawm lub cuab yeej. Cov decouspling capacitor ntawm 0.1uf hauv cov khoom siv digital muaj 5nh faib cov txiaj ntsig ntau tshaj 10MHz, thiab nws muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws decouplings rau suab saum 40mHz. Suab nrov yuav luag tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam.

1uf, 10uf capacitors, qhov kev sib tw thaum lub sij hawm sib tw ua ntu zus 20mHz, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshem tawm cov suab nrov siab zoo dua. Nws yog feem ntau qhov zoo dua los siv 1uf lossis 10uf de capiness uas lub zog nkag mus rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm luam, txawm rau cov roj teeb lub cev.
Txhua txhua 10 daim ntawm cov kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum tau ntxiv tus nqi them thiab xa tawm Capacitor, lossis hu rau ib qho chaw khaws cia, qhov loj me ntawm lub capacitor tuaj yeem yog 10UF. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob siv electrolytic capacitors. Electrolytic capacitors tau dov nrog ob txheej ntawm pu zaj duab xis. Qhov qauv no coj los ua qauv ua raws li kev ua txhaum ntawm cov haujlwm siab. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov capile caperitor lossis polycarbonate capacitor.

Kev xaiv ntawm decoupling capacitor tsis nruj, nws tuaj yeem xam raws C = 1 / F; Ntawd yog, 0.1uf rau 10MHz, thiab rau lub system muaj ntawm microcontroller, nws tuaj yeem yog ntawm 0.1uf thiab 0.01uf.

3. Qee qhov kev paub hauv kev txo cov suab nrov thiab kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob.
(1) cov chips qis yuav siv tau hloov cov chips high-ceev. Cov chips siab ceev yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb.
(2) Tus resistor tuaj yeem txuas nrog hauv cov koob kom txo tus nqi dhia ntawm cov npoo sab saud thiab qis dua ntawm kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob.
(3) Sim muab qee daim damping rau kev tso nyiaj rov qab, thiab lwm yam.
(4) Siv cov xuaj qis zaus uas ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem system.
(5) Lub moos hluav taws xob yog ze li sai tau rau lub cuab yeej uas siv lub moos. Lub plhaub ntawm lub quartz crystal oscillator yuav tsum tau grounded.
(6) muab tso rau lub moos hauv av nrog cov hlau hauv av thiab khaws lub moos hlau luv li sai tau.
(7) I / O tsav Circuit Court yuav tsum tau ze li sai tau rau ntawm ntug ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, thiab cia nws tawm ntawm lub rooj tshaj tawm sai li sai tau. Lub teeb liab nkag mus rau cov ntawv luam tawm Board yuav tsum tau lim, thiab lub teeb liab los ntawm thaj chaw muaj suab nrov yuav tsum tau lim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kev tiv thaiv terminal resistors yuav tsum tau siv los txo cov phiajcim.
(8) Qhov tsis muaj nuj nqis ntawm MCD yuav tsum txuas rau siab, lossis hauv paus, lossis txhais tias yog qhov tso zis kawg. Qhov kawg ntawm Callcuit Court uas yuav tsum txuas nrog lub zog hluav taws xob yuav tsum txuas nrog nws, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob sab laug ntab.
(9) Lub tswv yim tswv yim ntawm lub rooj vag Circuit Court uas tsis siv yuav tsum tsis txhob sab laug ntab. Cov tswv yim pom zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau cog, thiab cov lus qhia tsis zoo yuav tsum txuas nrog cov zis davhlau ya nyob twg. (10) Cov ntawv luam tawm yuav tsum tau sim siv 45-quav kab hloov chaw ntawm 90-quav kab los txo cov emission sab nraud thiab coupling ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab.
(11) Cov ntawv luam tawm tau muab faib raws li cov zaus raws li zaus thiab tam sim no hloov cov yam ntxwv, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis muaj suab nrov yuav tsum ua kom deb dua.
(12) Siv ib lub zog-taw tes thiab ib sab-taw rau ib leeg thiab ob chav. Lub hwj chim kab thiab hauv av yuav tsum yog tuab li sai tau. Yog tias kev lag luam muaj peev xwm pheej yig, siv cov pawg thawj tswj hwm ntau los txo cov peev xwm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tsis sib haum.
(13) Kaw lub moos, caij tsheb npav, thiab nti xaiv cov cim tawm ntawm I / O kab thiab cov txuas.
(14) Lub analog voltage cov tswv yim kab thiab siv voltage davhlau ya nyob twg yuav tsum tau los ntawm cov kab ke digital lub cim, tshwj xeeb yog lub moos.
(15) rau A / D li, qhov digital ntu thiab analog ib feem xav tau sib sau ua ke dua li muab cov tes haujlwm *.
(16) Lub moos LINE Copendicular rau I / O kab muaj tsawg kev cuam tshuam dua li lub voj voos I / O, thiab lub moos tiv thaiv cov pins nyob deb ntawm I / O Cable.
(17) Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum luv li sai tau, thiab cov capacting capacitor pins yuav tsum luv li sai tau.
(18) Tus ke kab yuav tsum yog tuab li sai tau, thiab cov av tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntawm ob sab. Tus kab mob siab yuav tsum luv thiab ncaj.
(19) kab rhiab rau suab nrov yuav tsum tsis txhob sib txuas rau cov qib siab tam sim no, cov kab mob siab ceev.
(20) Tsis txhob siv cov xov hlau nyob rau hauv lub quartz crystal lossis nyob rau hauv cov khoom nrov-rhiab.
(21) rau cov teeb meem tsis muaj zog, tsis txhob tsim cov loops tam sim no ncig qis-zaus voj voog.
(22) tsis ua lub voj rau ib lub teeb liab. Yog tias nws yog zam tsis tau, ua rau lub voj thaj chaw me dua li sai tau.
(23) Ib qho kev ua kom muaj peev xwm capacitor ib lub chaw sib xyaw. Ib qho me me-zaus bypass capass yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau txhua qhov cub electrolytic.
(24) Siv cov peev txheej loj Thaum siv tubular capacitors, rooj plaub yuav tsum tau grounded.

04
Protel protel nquag siv shortcut yuam sij
Nplooj ntawv nce zoom nrog cov nas ua qhov chaw
Page cia rub tawm nrog tus nas ua qhov chaw.
Chaw Nruab Nrab txoj hauj lwm taw tes los ntawm nas
Kawg refresh (redraw)
* Hloov ntawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab
+ (-) Hloov txheej los ntawm txheej: "+" thiab "-" yog nyob rau hauv cov kev coj rov qab
Q mm m millimeter) thiab mil (mil) chav tsev hloov
Txhij ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus
E x Kho kom X, x yog lub hom phiaj kho kom raug, txoj cai yog raws li nram no: (a) = arc; (C) = tivthaiv; (F) = sau; (P) = ncoo; (N) = Network; (S) = tus cwj pwm; (T) = xaim; (V) = ntawm; (I) = sib txuas; (G) = sau polygon. Piv txwv li, thaum koj xav kho kom raug ib qho khoom siv, nias EC, tus pointer nas yuav tshwm sim "kaum", nyem rau Kho kom raug
Cov khoom siv tau raug kho tuaj yeem kho tau.
P x Qhov chaw X, X yog lub hom phiaj tso, tus lej yog tib yam li saum toj no.
M X tsiv X, x yog lub hom phiaj txav, ((c), (p), (g), (g), (i) = xaiv xaiv; (O) Tig cov xaiv xaiv; (M) = txav cov xaiv ntu; (R) = rewiring.
S x Xaiv X, X yog cov ntsiab lus xaiv, tus lej yog raws li hauv qab no: (i) = sab hauv cheeb tsam; (O) = sab nraud; (A) = txhua yam; (L) = txhua yam ntawm txheej; (K) = muab ib feem uas xauv; (N) = lub network network; (C) = txoj kab kev sib txuas; (H) = ncoo nrog cov aperture; (G) = ncoo sab nraud daim phiaj. Piv txwv li, thaum koj xav xaiv tag nrho txhua yam, txhua lub teeb ci ntsa iab los qhia tias lawv tau raug xaiv, thiab koj tuaj yeem luam, ntshiab, thiab txav cov ntaub ntawv xaiv.