01
Cov cai yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem
1. Raws li Circuit Court modules, ua layout thiab lwm yam circuits uas ua tau zoo tib yam muaj nuj nqi hu ua module.Cov khoom nyob rau hauv Circuit Court module yuav tsum tau txais lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov concentration nyob ze, thiab cov digital circuit thiab analog circuit yuav tsum tau sib cais;
2. Tsis muaj cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau mounted nyob rau hauv 1.27mm ntawm qhov tsis-mounting qhov xws li positioning qhov, txheem qhov, thiab 3.5mm (rau M2.5) thiab 4mm (rau M3) ntawm 3.5mm (rau M2.5) thiab 4 hli (rau M3) yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cai rau mount cov khoom;
3. Tsis txhob muab tso rau ntawm qhov nyob rau hauv kab rov tav mounted resistors, inductors (plug-ins), electrolytic capacitors thiab lwm yam khoom kom tsis txhob luv luv-circuiting lub vias thiab lub plhaub tivthaiv tom qab yoj soldering;
4. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm sab nraud ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov ntug ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yog 5 hli;
5. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm sab nraud ntawm lub mounting Cheebtsam ntawm lub ncoo thiab sab nraud ntawm cov uas nyob ib sab interposing tivthaiv yog ntau tshaj 2 hli;
6. Cov khoom siv plhaub hlau thiab cov khoom siv hlau (cov thawv thaiv, thiab lwm yam) yuav tsum tsis txhob kov lwm yam khoom, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ze rau cov ntawv luam tawm thiab cov ntaub qhwv.Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yuav tsum siab tshaj 2 hli.Qhov luaj li cas ntawm qhov chaw, qhov txuas txuas lub qhov, lub qhov oval thiab lwm qhov square ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm los ntawm sab nraud ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm ntug yog ntau dua 3 hli;
7. Cov khoom cua sov yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ze rau ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cov khoom kub-rhiab heev;high-kub cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau muab sib npaug zos;
8. Lub qhov (socket) lub hwj chim yuav tsum tau teem ib ncig ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm kom deb li deb tau, thiab lub qhov hluav taws xob lub qhov hluav taws xob thiab lub chaw nres tsheb npav txuas nrog nws yuav tsum tau teem rau tib sab.Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj kom tsis txhob teeb tsa lub qhov hluav taws xob thiab lwm cov vuam txuas ntawm cov khoom sib txuas kom yooj yim rau kev vuam ntawm cov sockets thiab cov khoom sib txuas, nrog rau kev tsim thiab khi ntawm cov hlua hluav taws xob.Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob thiab cov vuam txuas yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab los pab txhawb kev ntsaws thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub hwj chim ntsaws;
9. Kev npaj ntawm lwm yam khoom:
Tag nrho cov khoom IC yog ua raws li ntawm ib sab, thiab cov polarity ntawm cov polar Cheebtsam tau pom meej meej.Lub polarity ntawm tib lub board luam ntawv tsis tuaj yeem raug cim rau ntau tshaj ob qho kev qhia.Thaum ob txoj kev tshwm sim, ob qho kev taw qhia yog perpendicular rau ib leeg;
10. Cov xaim ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yuav tsum yog tuab thiab ntom.Thaum lub nrawm sib txawv yog loj heev, nws yuav tsum tau sau nrog Mesh tooj liab ntawv ci, thiab daim phiaj yuav tsum muaj ntau dua 8mil (lossis 0.2 hli);
11. Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj los ntawm qhov ntawm SMD pads kom tsis txhob poob ntawm cov tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab ua rau cov khoom siv tsis raug.Cov kab teeb liab tseem ceeb tsis pub dhau ntawm lub qhov (socket pins);
12. Lub thaj yog ua raws li ib sab, tus cwj pwm kev taw qhia yog tib yam, thiab cov kev taw qhia ntim yog tib yam;
13. Raws li qhov ua tau, cov khoom siv polarized yuav tsum ua raws li cov polarity marking direction ntawm tib lub rooj tsavxwm.

Cov kev cai ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

1. Kos qhov chaw thaiv hauv 1 hli los ntawm ntug ntawm PCB pawg thawj coj saib thiab hauv 1 hli nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov mounting, thaiv thaiv;
2. Cov kab hluav taws xob yuav tsum dav li qhov ua tau thiab yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 18mil;lub teeb liab kab dav yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 12mil;cpu input thiab tso zis kab yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg tshaj li 10mil (los yog 8mil);kab sib nrug yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 10mil;
3. Qhov ib txwm dhau ntawm tsis pub tsawg dua 30mil;
4. Dual in-line: 60mil ncoo, 40mil aperture;
1/4W tsis kam: 51 * 55mil (0805 nto mount);thaum nyob rau hauv kab, lub ncoo yog 62mil thiab lub aperture yog 42mil;
Infinite capacitance: 51 * 55mil (0805 nto mount);Thaum nyob rau hauv kab, lub ncoo yog 50mil, thiab lub aperture yog 28mil;
5. Nco ntsoov tias cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov kab hauv av yuav tsum yog radial li sai tau, thiab cov teeb liab kab yuav tsum tsis txhob looped.

03
Yuav ua li cas los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab electromagnetic compatibility?
Yuav ua li cas los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm electromagnetic thaum tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog cov txheej txheem?

1. Cov tshuab hauv qab no yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob:
(1) Lub kaw lus uas lub microcontroller moos zaus siab heev thiab lub voj voog tsheb npav ceev heev.
(2) Lub kaw lus muaj cov hluav taws xob muaj zog, muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no, xws li cov hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob, cov hloov hluav taws xob siab, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Lub kaw lus uas muaj qhov tsis muaj zog analog teeb liab Circuit Court thiab qhov siab-precision A / D hloov pauv.

2. Siv cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev:
(1) Xaiv lub microcontroller nrog tsawg zaus:
Xaiv lub microcontroller nrog lub sijhawm qis sab nraud tuaj yeem txo cov suab nrov thiab txhim kho lub zog tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam.Rau cov waves square thiab sine waves ntawm tib zaus, cov khoom siv ntau zaus hauv cov yoj square muaj ntau dua li qhov sine yoj.Txawm hais tias lub amplitude ntawm lub siab-frequency Cheebtsam ntawm lub square nthwv dej yog me dua lub hauv paus nthwv dej, qhov ntau dua qhov zaus, nws yog qhov yooj yim rau emit raws li lub suab nrov.Lub suab nrov nrov tshaj plaws uas tsim los ntawm microcontroller yog kwv yees li 3 npaug ntawm lub moos zaus.

(2) Txo kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb liab kis
Microcontrollers yog tsim los siv high-speed CMOS technology.Lub input tam sim no ntawm lub teeb liab input davhlau ya nyob twg yog hais txog 1mA, lub input capacitance yog hais txog 10PF, thiab cov input impedance siab heev.Cov zis davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm high-ceev CMOS Circuit Court muaj ib tug txiav txim siab load peev xwm, uas yog, ib tug kuj loj tso zis nqi.Cov xaim ntev ua rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg input nrog lub siab input impedance, qhov teeb meem kev xav yog qhov hnyav heev, nws yuav ua rau lub teeb liab distortion thiab ua rau lub suab nrov.Thaum Tpd> Tr, nws dhau los ua qhov teeb meem ntawm cov kab sib txuas, thiab cov teeb meem xws li teeb pom kev cuam tshuam thiab impedance txuam yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.

Lub sij hawm ncua sij hawm ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm luam tawm yog cuam tshuam nrog cov yam ntxwv impedance ntawm cov hlau lead, uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov dielectric tas li ntawm cov khoom siv hauv Circuit Court board.Nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias qhov kev sib kis ceev ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm luam tawm yog li 1/3 txog 1/2 ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb.Lub Tr (tus qauv ncua sij hawm) ntawm cov feem ntau siv logic xov tooj Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv ib tug system muaj xws li ib tug microcontroller yog nruab nrab ntawm 3 thiab 18 ns.

Ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm luam tawm, lub teeb liab dhau los ntawm 7W resistor thiab 25cm-ntev txhuas, thiab lub sijhawm ncua ntawm kab yog kwv yees li ntawm 4 ~ 20ns.Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov luv luv ntawm cov teeb liab ua rau ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, qhov zoo dua, thiab qhov ntev tshaj plaws yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 25cm.Thiab tus naj npawb ntawm vias yuav tsum tsawg li tsawg tau, nyiam dua tsis pub ntau tshaj ob.
Thaum lub teeb liab lub sij hawm sawv ceev tshaj lub teeb liab ncua sij hawm, nws yuav tsum tau ua tiav raws li ceev ceev electronics.Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, qhov sib piv impedance ntawm cov kab sib txuas yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab.Rau cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob ntawm cov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm, qhov xwm txheej ntawm Td> Trd yuav tsum zam.Qhov loj dua lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm, qhov ceev ntawm qhov system tsis tuaj yeem ua tau.
Siv cov lus xaus hauv qab no los sau cov cai ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board tsim:
Lub teeb liab kis tau los ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, thiab nws lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau dua li lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm ntawm lub cuab yeej siv.

(3) Txo cov ntoo khaub lig * cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab teeb liab:
Ib kauj ruam teeb liab nrog lub sij hawm nce ntawm Tr ntawm point A yog kis mus rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg B los ntawm cov hlau lead AB.Lub sij hawm ncua ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm kab AB yog Td.Ntawm qhov taw tes D, vim qhov xa mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub teeb liab los ntawm point A, lub teeb liab rov qab tom qab ncav cuag point B thiab ncua sij hawm ntawm AB kab, nplooj ntawv mem tes teeb liab nrog qhov dav ntawm Tr yuav raug ntxias tom qab Td lub sijhawm.Ntawm qhov taw tes C, vim qhov kev sib kis thiab kev xav ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm AB, lub teeb pom kev zoo mem tes nrog qhov dav ntawm ob npaug ntawm lub sijhawm ncua sij hawm ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm AB kab, uas yog, 2Td, yog induced.Qhov no yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb liab.Qhov kev siv ntawm cov teeb liab cuam tshuam yog cuam tshuam nrog di / at ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm point C thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab.Thaum ob lub teeb liab kab tsis ntev heev, qhov koj pom ntawm AB yog qhov tseeb ntawm ob lub pulses.

Lub micro-control ua los ntawm CMOS technology muaj siab input impedance, suab nrov, thiab siab siab kam rau ua.Lub voj voog digital yog superimposed nrog 100 ~ 200mv suab nrov thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau nws txoj haujlwm.Yog hais tias AB kab nyob rau hauv daim duab yog ib tug analog teeb liab, qhov no cuam tshuam yuav intolerable.Piv txwv li, lub rooj tsavxwm luam tawm yog lub rooj tsavxwm plaub-txheej, ib qho yog thaj chaw loj, lossis lub rooj tsavxwm ob sab, thiab thaum rov qab sab ntawm cov kab teeb liab yog thaj chaw loj, tus ntoo khaub lig * kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb liab zoo li no yuav raug txo.Yog vim li cas yog qhov loj hauv av txo cov yam ntxwv impedance ntawm cov teeb liab kab, thiab qhov kev xav ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm D kawg yog txo qis heev.Tus yam ntxwv impedance yog inversely proportional rau lub square ntawm dielectric tas li ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub teeb liab kab mus rau hauv av, thiab proportional rau lub ntuj logarithm ntawm lub thickness ntawm nruab nrab.Yog tias AB kab yog ib qho teeb liab analog, kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob digital Circuit Court kab CD rau AB, yuav tsum muaj thaj tsam loj hauv qab AB kab, thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kab AB thiab CD kab yuav tsum ntau dua 2. mus rau 3 npaug ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kab AB thiab hauv av.Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qee qhov, thiab cov xaim hauv av tau muab tso rau ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm cov hlau lead ntawm sab nrog cov hlau lead.

(4) Txo cov suab nrov ntawm lub hwj chim mov
Thaum lub hwj huam mov muab lub zog rau lub cev, nws kuj ntxiv nws lub suab nrov rau lub hwj chim mov.Cov kab rov pib dua, kab cuam tshuam, thiab lwm cov kab tswj ntawm microcontroller hauv Circuit Court yog qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm cov suab nrov sab nraud.Muaj zog cuam tshuam ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob nkag mus rau hauv Circuit Court los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Txawm nyob rau hauv lub roj teeb-powered system, lub roj teeb nws tus kheej muaj lub suab nrov nrov.Lub teeb liab analog nyob rau hauv analog Circuit Court yog txawm tsawg muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam los ntawm lub hwj chim mov.

(5) Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm high zaus, cov leads, vias, resistors, capacitors, thiab cov distributance inductance thiab capacitance ntawm cov connectors nyob rau hauv lub luam Circuit Court board yuav tsis raug ignored.Kev faib tawm inductance ntawm lub capacitor tsis tuaj yeem raug ignored, thiab distributor capacitance ntawm inductor yuav tsis raug ignored.Qhov kev tawm tsam ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb liab siab, thiab qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau lead yuav ua lub luag haujlwm.Thaum qhov ntev yog ntau dua 1/20 ntawm qhov sib thooj ntawm lub suab nrov zaus, cov nyhuv kav hlau txais xov yog tsim, thiab lub suab nrov tawm los ntawm cov hlau lead.

Lub viav vias ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm ua rau kwv yees li 0.6 pf ntawm lub peev xwm.
Cov khoom ntim ntawm ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke nws tus kheej qhia txog 2 ~ 6pf capacitor.
Ib qho txuas ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm Circuit Court muaj qhov sib faib inductance ntawm 520nH.Ib tug dual-in-line 24-pin integrated circuit skewer qhia 4 ~ 18nH faib inductance.
Cov kev faib me me no tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv kab ntawm cov tshuab microcontroller tsawg zaus;tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau high-speed systems.

(6) Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ntu zus
Txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm yuav tsum xav txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv electromagnetic.Ib qho ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tias cov thawj coj ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum luv li sai tau.Nyob rau hauv lub layout, lub analog teeb liab ib feem, lub high-ceev digital Circuit Court ib feem, thiab lub suab nrov qhov chaw (xws li relays, high-tam sim no keyboards, thiab lwm yam) yuav tsum tau sib cais tsim nyog los txo cov teeb liab coupling ntawm lawv.

G Kov cov hlau hauv av
Nyob rau ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm luam tawm, cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov kab hauv av yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.Txoj kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los kov yeej electromagnetic cuam tshuam yog hauv av.
Rau ob chav vaj huam sib luag, kev teeb tsa hauv av yog qhov tshwj xeeb.Los ntawm kev siv cov ntsiab lus hauv av ib leeg, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hauv av txuas nrog cov ntawv luam tawm hauv Circuit Board los ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Lub hwj chim mov muaj ib qho kev sib cuag thiab hauv av muaj ib qho kev sib cuag.Nyob rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm luam tawm, yuav tsum muaj ntau cov xaim xaim rov qab hauv av, uas yuav muab sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm lub zog xa rov qab, uas yog lub npe hu ua ib qho chaw hauv av.Lub npe hu ua analog av, hauv av digital, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab hauv av splitting yog hais txog kev sib cais ntawm cov xaim, thiab thaum kawg tag nrho cov converge mus rau qhov chaw hauv av.Thaum txuas nrog cov teeb liab uas tsis yog cov ntawv luam tawm hauv Circuit Court boards, shielded cables feem ntau yog siv.Rau siab zaus thiab cov teeb liab digital, ob qhov kawg ntawm cov shielded cable yog grounded.Ib qho kawg ntawm cov shielded cable rau tsawg zaus analog teeb liab yuav tsum tau grounded.
Circuits uas muaj suab nrov heev thiab cuam tshuam los yog circuits uas muaj suab nrov tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv nrog lub hau hlau.

(7) Siv cov decoupling capacitors zoo.
Ib tug zoo high-frequency decoupling capacitor tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khoom siv zaus siab li 1GHZ.Ceramic nti capacitors lossis multilayer ceramic capacitor muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua.Thaum tsim ib lub rooj tsavxwm luam tawm, ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm lub capacitor yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntawm lub zog thiab hauv av ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw ua ke.Lub decoupling capacitor muaj ob txoj haujlwm: ntawm ib sab, nws yog lub zog cia capacitor ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, uas muab thiab nqus cov kev them nyiaj thiab tawm lub zog thaum lub sijhawm qhib thiab kaw cov kev sib xyaw ua ke;ntawm qhov tod tes, nws hla lub suab nrov ntawm lub cuab yeej.Tus qauv decoupling capacitor ntawm 0.1uf hauv digital circuits muaj 5nH faib inductance, thiab nws cov zaus resonance sib npaug yog li 7MHz, uas txhais tau hais tias nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo dua rau lub suab nrov qis dua 10MHz, thiab nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo dua rau lub suab nrov tshaj 40MHz.Suab nrov yuav luag tsis muaj teebmeem.

1uf, 10uf capacitors, qhov sib npaug resonance zaus yog siab dua 20MHz, cov nyhuv ntawm kev tshem tawm cov suab nrov nrov yog qhov zoo dua.Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv 1uf lossis 10uf de-high zaus capacitor qhov twg lub hwj chim nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv luam tawm, txawm tias cov roj teeb uas siv hluav taws xob.
Txhua 10 daim ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib qho kev them nqi thiab tso tawm capacitor, los yog hu ua lub capacitor, qhov loj ntawm lub capacitor tuaj yeem yog 10uf.Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom tsis txhob siv electrolytic capacitors.Electrolytic capacitors yog dov nrog ob txheej ntawm pu zaj duab xis.Qhov no dov li qauv ua raws li ib tug inductance ntawm high frequencies.Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov kua tsib capacitor lossis polycarbonate capacitor.

Kev xaiv ntawm tus nqi decoupling capacitor tsis nruj, nws tuaj yeem suav tau raws li C = 1 / f;uas yog, 0.1uf rau 10MHz, thiab rau lub kaw lus tsim los ntawm microcontroller, nws tuaj yeem nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.1uf thiab 0.01uf.

3. Qee qhov kev paub txog kev txo suab nrov thiab kev cuam tshuam electromagnetic.
(1) Cov chips ceev ceev tuaj yeem siv los hloov cov chips ceev.High-speed chips yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb.
(2) Ib qho resistor tuaj yeem txuas nrog hauv cov koob los txo qhov dhia dhia ntawm cov npoo sab sauv thiab qis ntawm cov tswj Circuit Court.
(3) Sim muab qee hom damping rau relays, thiab lwm yam.
(4) Siv lub moos zaus qis tshaj plaws uas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub cev.
(5) Lub tshuab hluav taws xob moos yog ze li sai tau rau cov cuab yeej siv lub moos.Lub plhaub ntawm lub quartz siv lead ua oscillator yuav tsum tau grounded.
(6) Kaw lub moos nrog cov xaim hauv av thiab khaws lub moos kom luv li sai tau.
(7) Lub I / O tsav Circuit Court yuav tsum nyob ze li sai tau rau ntawm ntug ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, thiab cia nws tawm ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm kom sai li sai tau.Lub teeb liab nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv luam tawm yuav tsum tau lim, thiab lub teeb liab los ntawm qhov chaw nrov nrov yuav tsum tau lim.Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug series ntawm davhlau ya nyob twg resistors yuav tsum tau siv los txo cov teeb liab xav txog.
(8) Qhov kawg tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm MCD yuav tsum txuas nrog siab, lossis hauv av, lossis txhais tau tias yog qhov kawg tso tawm.Qhov kawg ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke uas yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub zog hluav taws xob hauv av yuav tsum tau txuas nrog nws, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg.
(9) Lub input davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm lub rooj vag Circuit Court uas tsis siv yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg.Lub davhlau ya nyob twg zoo ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg yuav tsum yog hauv av, thiab lub davhlau ya nyob twg tsis zoo yuav tsum txuas nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg.(10) Cov ntawv luam tawm yuav tsum sim siv 45-fold kab es tsis txhob 90-fold kab kom txo tau cov emissions sab nraud thiab coupling ntawm high-frequency signals.
(11) Cov ntawv luam tawm tau muab faib raws li qhov zaus thiab qhov hloov pauv tam sim no, thiab cov khoom siv suab nrov thiab cov khoom tsis muaj suab nrov yuav tsum sib nrug deb.
(12) Siv ib lub zog taw tes thiab ib qho taw tes hauv av rau ib leeg thiab ob lub vaj huam sib luag.Cov kab hluav taws xob thiab kab hauv av yuav tsum yog tuab li ua tau.Yog tias kev lag luam pheej yig, siv lub rooj tsav xwm multilayer kom txo tau qhov capacitive inductance ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hauv av.
(13) Khaws lub moos, tsheb npav, thiab nti xaiv cov cim tseg kom deb ntawm I / O kab thiab cov khoom sib txuas.
(14) Cov kab hluav taws xob analog hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum nyob deb li deb tau ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob digital, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub moos.
(15) Rau cov khoom siv A/D, cov khoom siv digital thiab qhov analog yuav zoo dua tuaj koom ua ke dua li xa *.
(16) Lub moos kab perpendicular mus rau I / O kab muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua li cov kab I / O thaum uas tig mus, thiab lub moos tiv thaiv pins nyob deb ntawm I / O cable.
(17) Cov pins tivthaiv yuav tsum yog luv li sai tau, thiab cov pins capacitor decoupling yuav tsum luv li sai tau.
(18) Cov kab tseem ceeb yuav tsum tuab li ua tau, thiab cov av tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau ob sab.Txoj kab siab ceev yuav tsum yog luv thiab ncaj.
(19) Cov kab rhiab rau lub suab nrov yuav tsum tsis txhob sib npaug mus rau qhov siab tam sim no, kev kub ceev hloov kab.
(20) Tsis txhob siv cov xov hlau hauv qab quartz siv lead ua lossis hauv cov khoom siv suab nrov.
(21) Rau cov teeb liab tsis muaj zog, tsis txhob tsim cov voj voog tam sim no nyob ib ncig ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tsawg.
(22) Tsis txhob tsim lub voj rau ib qho teeb meem.Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem zam tau, ua kom lub voj voog me me li sai tau.
(23) Ib qho decoupling capacitor rau ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke.Ib qho me me uas muaj ntau zaus bypass capacitor yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau txhua tus electrolytic capacitor.
(24) Siv lub peev xwm loj tantalum capacitors lossis juku capacitors es tsis txhob siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob electrolytic kom them thiab tso tawm lub zog cia khoom.Thaum siv tubular capacitor, rooj plaub yuav tsum tau grounded.

04
PROTEL feem ntau siv cov yuam sij shortcut
Nplooj Up Zoom nrog tus nas ua qhov chaw
Nplooj Down Zoom tawm nrog tus nas ua qhov chaw.
Tsev Center qhov chaw taw qhia los ntawm tus nas
Xaus refresh (redraw)
* Hloov ntawm cov khaubncaws sab saum toj thiab hauv qab
+ (-) Hloov txheej los ntawm txheej: "+" thiab "-" nyob rau sab nraud
Q mm (millimeter) thiab mil (mil) unit hloov
IM ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus
E x Kho X, X yog lub hom phiaj kho, cov cai yog raws li hauv qab no: (A) = arc;(C) = cov khoom;(F) = puv;(P) = paib;(N) = network;(S) = tus cwj pwm;(T) = hlau;(V) = via;(I) = txuas kab;(G) = puv polygon.Piv txwv li, thaum koj xav hloov kho ib feem, nias EC, tus nas pointer yuav tshwm "kaum", nyem rau hloov
Cov khoom kho tau tuaj yeem kho tau.
P x Qhov chaw X, X yog lub hom phiaj kev tso kawm, cov cai yog tib yam li saum toj no.
M x txav X, X yog lub hom phiaj txav, (A), (C), (F), (P), (S), (T), (V), (G) Ib yam li saum toj no, thiab (Kuv) = ntxeev xaiv Part;(O) Tig qhov kev xaiv;(M) = Txav qhov kev xaiv;(R) = Rewiring.
S x xaiv X, X yog cov ntsiab lus xaiv, cov cai yog raws li hauv qab no: (I) = sab hauv;(O) = thaj chaw sab nrauv;(A) = tag nrho;(L) = tag nrho ntawm txheej;(K) = qhov chaw xauv;(N) = lub cev network;(C) = lub cev sib txuas kab;(H) = ncoo nrog lub aperture teev;(G) = pad sab nraum daim phiaj.Piv txwv li, thaum koj xav xaiv tag nrho, nias SA, tag nrho cov duab teeb pom kev los qhia tias lawv tau raug xaiv, thiab koj tuaj yeem luam, tshem tawm, thiab txav cov ntaub ntawv xaiv.