ʻO ka oscillator Crystal ke kī i ka hoʻolālā kaapuni kikohoʻe, maʻamau i ka hoʻolālā kaapuni, hoʻohana ʻia ka oscillator kristal e like me ka puʻuwai o ke kaapuni kikohoʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hana a pau o ke kaapuni kikohoʻe mai ka hōʻailona uaki, a ʻo ka oscillator kristal wale nō ke kī kī. e hoʻomalu pono i ka hoʻomaka maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia inā aia kahi hoʻolālā kaapuni kikohoʻe hiki ke ʻike i ka oscillator kristal.

I. He aha ka oscillator kristal?

ʻO ka oscillator Crystal e pili ana i ʻelua ʻano oscillator quartz crystal oscillator a me quartz crystal resonator, a hiki ke kapa pololei ʻia ʻo crystal oscillator. Hana ʻia nā mea ʻelua me ka hopena piezoelectric o nā kristal quartz.

Ke hana nei ka oscillator kristal e like me kēia: ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi māla uila i nā electrodes ʻelua o ke aniani, e hoʻololi ʻia ke aniani, a ma ka mea ʻē aʻe, inā hoʻopili ʻia ke kaomi mechanical i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke aniani, e hana ka aniani. he kahua uila. Hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia kēia ʻano, no laila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia hiʻohiʻona o ke aniani, e hoʻohui ana i nā volena ʻokoʻa i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke aniani, e hana ka chip i ka haʻalulu mechanical, a i ka manawa like e hana i nā māla uila. Eia nō naʻe, liʻiliʻi kēia haʻalulu a me ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e ke aniani, akā ʻoiai ka lōʻihi ma kahi alapine, e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka amplitude, e like me ka LC loop resonance a mākou e ʻike pinepine ai nā mea hoʻolālā kaapuni.

II. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā oscillations kristal (ʻeleu a me ka passive)

① ʻO ka oscillator crystal passive

ʻO ke aniani ʻo Passive kahi aniani, ma ke ʻano he 2-pin non-polar device (ʻo kekahi mau aniani passive he pine paʻa me ka polarity ʻole).

Pono ka oscillator kristal passive e hilinaʻi ma ke kaapuni uaki i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka capacitor haawe e hoʻopuka i ka hōʻailona oscillating (hōʻailona hawewe sine).

② ʻO ka oscillator kristal ikaika

ʻO ka oscillator kristal ikaika he oscillator, maʻamau me 4 mau pine. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka oscillator kristal ikaika i ka oscillator kūloko o ka CPU e hana i kahi hōʻailona hawewe huinahā. Hoʻopuka ka mana kristal hana i kahi hōʻailona uaki.

Paʻa ka hōʻailona o ka oscillator kristal ikaika, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke ʻano pili, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hewa pololei ma mua o ka oscillator kristal passive, a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka oscillator kristal passive.

III. Nā palena kumu o ka oscillator kristal

ʻO nā ʻāpana kumu o ka oscillator crystal maʻamau: ka wela hana, ka waiwai kūpono, ka capacitance hoʻohālikelike, ke ʻano o ka pōʻai, ke alapine kumu a pēlā aku.

ʻO ke alapine nui o ka oscillator kristal: ʻO ke koho ʻana o ke alapine kristal maʻamau e pili ana i nā koi o nā ʻāpana alapine, e like me ka MCU maʻamau he laulā, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea mai 4M a hiki i ka nui o M.

ʻO ka pololei o ka vibration crystal: ʻo ka pololei o ka haʻalulu kristal ka maʻamau ± 5PPM, ± 10PPM, ± 20PPM, ± 50PPM, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka capacitance kūlike o ka oscillator crystal: ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka waiwai o ka capacitance hoʻohālikelike, hiki ke hoʻololi i ke alapine kumu o ka oscillator kristal, a i kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano e hoʻoponopono i ka oscillator kristal kiʻekiʻe.

Ma ka ʻōnaehana kaapuni, ʻo ka laina hōʻailona uaki wikiwiki ka mea nui loa. ʻO ka laina uaki he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke alapine, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka laina e pono ai e hōʻoia i ka liʻiliʻi o ka distortion o ka hōʻailona.

I kēia manawa i nā kaapuni he nui, ʻoi loa ka kiʻekiʻe o ka uaki aniani o ka ʻōnaehana, no laila ua ikaika ka ikaika o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā harmonics, e loaʻa nā harmonics mai ka hoʻokomo a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā laina ʻelua, akā mai ka radiation space, kahi e alakaʻi ai i inā ʻaʻole kūpono ka hoʻonohonoho PCB o ka oscillator kristal, e maʻalahi ia i ka pilikia o ka radiation hele hewa, a i ka manawa i hana ʻia, paʻakikī ke hoʻoponopono ʻia e nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. No laila, he mea nui loa ia no ka oscillator aniani a me ka hoʻonohonoho laina laina hōʻailona CLK i ka wā i waiho ʻia ai ka papa PCB.