He nui nā mea pāʻani DIY e ʻike i nā kala PCB i hoʻohana ʻia e nā huahana papa like ʻole i ka mākeke. ʻO nā kala PCB maʻamau he ʻeleʻele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, uliuli, melemele, poni, ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻeleʻele. Ua hoʻomohala akamai kekahi mau mea hana i nā PCB o nā kala like ʻole e like me ke keʻokeʻo a me ka poni.

I ka manaʻo kuʻuna, ʻeleʻele PCB mea e hoʻonoho ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole anei he ʻoiaʻiʻo?

ʻO ka papa keleawe PCB ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia me ka solder mask e maʻalahi i ka oxidized ke ʻike ʻia i ka lewa

ʻIke mākou he mau ʻāpana keleawe nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka PCB. I ka hana ʻana o PCB, e loaʻa i ka papa keleawe kahi ʻili maʻemaʻe a pale ʻole ʻia inā paha i hana ʻia e nā ʻano additive a subtractive.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole ikaika nā mea kemika o ke keleawe e like me ka aluminika, ka hao, ka magnesium, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i mua o ka wai, ua maʻalahi ke keleawe maʻemaʻe i ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka oxygen; no ka mea, aia ka oxygen a me ka mahu wai i ka lewa, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻili o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe i ka ea E hiki koke mai ana ka hopena oxidation.

No ka lahilahi o ka mānoanoa o ka papa keleawe i loko o ka PCB, e lilo ke keleawe oxidized i mea alakaʻi maikaʻi ʻole o ka uila, kahi e hōʻino nui ai i ka hana uila o ka PCB holoʻokoʻa.

I mea e pale aku ai i ka oxidation keleawe, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana soldered a me nā ʻāpana ʻole o ka PCB i ka wā kūʻai aku, a no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻili o ka PCB, ua hana nā mea ʻenehana i kahi uhi kūikawā. Hiki ke hoʻohana maʻalahi kēia ʻano pena i ka ʻili o ka PCB e hana i kahi papa pale me kahi mānoanoa a pale i ka pilina ma waena o ke keleawe a me ka ea. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻāpana o ka uhi ʻana i ka solder mask, a ʻo ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia he solder mask.

No ka mea ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he lacquer, pono e loaʻa nā kala like ʻole. ʻAe, hiki ke hana ʻia ka mask solder kumu me ka ʻole o ka waihoʻoluʻu, akā no ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana a me ka hana ʻana, pono e paʻi pinepine ʻia nā PCB me nā kikokikona liʻiliʻi ma ka papa.

Hiki ke hōʻike wale i ka pale kāʻei o ka PCB, no laila ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hiʻohiʻona inā e hana ana, hoʻoponopono a kūʻai aku paha. No laila, ua hoʻohui nā ʻenekinia i nā kala like ʻole i ka mask solder e hana i kahi PCB ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, a polū paha.

He paʻakikī ka PCB ʻeleʻele e ʻike i ke ala, e lawe mai i nā pilikia i ka mālama

Mai kēia manaʻo, ʻaʻohe pili o ke kala o ka PCB me ka maikaʻi o ka PCB. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka PCB ʻeleʻele a me nā PCB kala ʻē aʻe e like me ka PCB polū a me ka PCB melemele aia i ke kala o ka mask solder.

Inā like ka hoʻolālā PCB a me ka hana hana, ʻaʻohe hopena o ke kala i ka hana, ʻaʻole hoʻi e loaʻa i ka hopena wela.

E pili ana i ka PCB ʻeleʻele, no ka mea, ua uhi ʻia nā ʻili ma luna o ka ʻili, he mea paʻakikī loa ia i ka mālama ʻana ma hope, no laila he kala ʻaʻole kūpono ke hana a hoʻohana.

No laila, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻololi iki ka poʻe, haʻalele i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mask solder ʻeleʻele, a ma kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele uliuli a me nā mask solder ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kumu e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.

I ka ʻōlelo ʻana i kēlā, ua maopopo ka poʻe āpau i ka pilikia o ka kala PCB. E pili ana i ka "hōʻailona kala a haʻahaʻa" ʻōlelo, no ka mea makemake nā mea hana e hoʻohana i nā PCB ʻeleʻele e hana i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe, a ʻulaʻula, uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka melemele e hana i nā huahana haʻahaʻa.

ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo: hāʻawi ka huahana i ke ʻano kala, ʻaʻole ke kala e hāʻawi i ke ʻano o ka huahana.

He aha nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala makamae e like me ke gula a me ke kālā ma PCB?
Akaka ke kala, e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā metala makamae ma ka PCB! Ke hoʻolaha nei kekahi mau mea hana i kā lākou huahana, e haʻi pololei lākou i kā lākou huahana e hoʻohana i nā kaʻina hana kūikawā e like me ke kāʻei gula a me ke kala kala. No laila he aha ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia kaʻina hana?

Pono ka ʻili o ka PCB i nā ʻāpana kūʻai aku, no laila pono kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana keleawe e ʻike ʻia no ke kūʻai ʻana. Kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana keleawe i hōʻike ʻia he pads. He ʻehā a poepoe paha nā pads me kahi wahi liʻiliʻi.

Ma luna aʻe, ʻike mākou ua maʻalahi ke keleawe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka PCB, no laila ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka solder mask, ʻike ʻia ke keleawe ma ka pā i ka lewa.

Inā hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke keleawe ma ka pad, ʻaʻole ia e paʻakikī wale ke kūʻai aku, akā e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka resistivity, e hoʻopilikia nui i ka hana o ka huahana hope. No laila, ua hele mai nā ʻenekinia me nā ʻano like ʻole e pale ai i nā pads. No ka laʻana, ka uhi ʻana me ke gula inert metala, a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻili me kahi papa kālā ma o ke kaʻina hana kemika, a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana i ka papa keleawe me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni kemika kūikawā e pale ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana ma waena o ka pad a me ka ea.

No nā pads i hōʻike ʻia ma ka PCB, ʻike pololei ʻia ka papa keleawe. Pono e pale ʻia kēia ʻāpana i mea e pale ai i ka oxidized.

Mai kēia hiʻohiʻona, inā he gula a he kālā paha, ʻo ke kumu o ke kaʻina hana ponoʻī e pale i ka oxidation, pale i ka pad, a hōʻoia i ka hua i ke kaʻina hana soldering ma hope.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala like ʻole e kau i nā koi i ka manawa mālama a me nā kūlana mālama o ka PCB i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mea kanu hana. No laila, hoʻohana maʻamau nā ʻoihana PCB i nā mīkini ʻōpala palaki e hoʻopaʻa i nā PCB ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hana PCB a ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku e hōʻoia ʻaʻole i oxidized nā PCB.

Ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāpana i ka mīkini, pono e nānā ka mea hana kāleka papa i ke degere oxidation o ka PCB, hoʻopau i ka PCB oxidation, a hōʻoia i ka hua. ʻO ka papa i loaʻa i ka mea kūʻai hope ua hala i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole. ʻOiai ma hope o ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana, ʻaneʻane hiki wale ka oxidation ma ka ʻāpana pili plug-in, a ʻaʻohe hopena i ka pad a me nā ʻāpana i kūʻai ʻia.

No ka mea ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kūʻē ʻana o ke kālā a me ke gula, ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala kūikawā e like me ke kālā a me ke gula, e hoʻemi ʻia ka hana wela o PCB?

ʻIke mākou ʻo ke kumu e hoʻopili ai i ka nui o ka wela ke kūʻē. Pili ke kū'ē i ka mea o ka conductor pono'ī, ka ʻāpana cross-sectional a me ka lōʻihi o ka conductor. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mānoanoa o ka mea metala ma ka ʻili o ka pad ma mua o 0.01 mm. Inā hana ʻia ka pad e ke ʻano OST (organic protective film), ʻaʻohe mānoanoa nui loa. ʻO ke kūpaʻa i hōʻike ʻia e kēlā ʻano mānoanoa liʻiliʻi ua aneane like me ka 0, ʻaʻole hiki ke helu, a ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka hana wela.