ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka copper clad laminate (CCL) e hoʻokomo i ka mea hoʻoikaika me ka resin organik a hoʻomaloʻo iā ia e hana i kahi prepreg.ʻO kahi hakahaka i hana ʻia me kekahi mau prepregs i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua ʻaoʻao i uhi ʻia me ka pahu keleawe, a me kahi mea ʻano pā i hana ʻia e ke kaomi wela.

Mai ke kumu kūʻai o ka nānā ʻana, ʻo nā laminates keleawe aahu no kahi 30% o ka hana PCB holoʻokoʻa.ʻO nā mea waiwai nui o nā laminates copper clad he lole aniani fiber, pepa pulp lāʻau, foil keleawe, epoxy resin a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.I waena o lākou, ʻo ka foil keleawe ka mea nui no ka hana ʻana i nā laminates keleawe., ʻO 80% o ka māhele waiwai e komo pū me 30% (pāpaʻa lahilahi) a me 50% (pāpaʻa mānoanoa).

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka hana ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka copper clad laminates i hōʻike nui ʻia i nā ʻokoʻa o nā mea i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka fiber a me nā resins a lākou e hoʻohana ai.ʻO nā mea waiwai nui e pono ai no ka hana ʻana i ka PCB, ʻo ia ka laminate ʻaʻahu keleawe, prepreg, keleawe foil, gula potassium cyanide, pōpō keleawe a me ka inika, etc.

Ke ulu mau nei ka ʻoihana PCB

ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā PCB e kākoʻo ikaika i ka noi e hiki mai ana no nā wili uila.ʻO ka waiwai puka PCB honua ma 2019 ma kahi o 65 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, a paʻa mau ka mākeke PCB Kina.I ka makahiki 2019, ua kokoke ka 35 biliona kālā o ka mākeke PCB Kina.ʻO Kina ka ʻāina ulu wikiwiki loa ma ka honua, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ka waiwai hoʻopuka honua, a e hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Māhele ʻāpana o ka waiwai puka PCB honua.Ke emi nei ka nui o ka waiwai puka PCB ma ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa, a me Iapana i ka honua, aʻo ka nui o ka waiwai o ka ʻoihana PCB ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o Asia (koe wale ʻo Iapana) ua piʻi wikiwiki.I waena o lākou, ua piʻi wikiwiki ka hapa o ka ʻāina nui o Kina.ʻO ia ka ʻoihana PCB honua.Ke kikowaena o ka hoʻoili.