Ramin da'a ta hanyar rami kuma ana kiransa ta rami. Domin biyan buƙatun abokin ciniki, dole ne a toshe allon kewayawa ta rami. Bayan aiki da yawa, ana canza tsarin toshe aluminum na al'ada, kuma ana kammala abin rufe fuska da toshewa da farar raga. rami. Stable samar da abin dogara inganci.

Via rami yana taka rawar haɗin kai da gudanar da layi. Ci gaban da lantarki masana'antu kuma inganta ci gaban PCB, da kuma sanya a gaba mafi girma bukatun a kan buga hukumar masana'antu tsari da surface Dutsen fasaha. Fasahar toshe rami ta samo asali, kuma yakamata ya cika buƙatu masu zuwa:

(1) Akwai jan ƙarfe ne kawai a cikin rami, kuma ana iya toshe abin rufe fuska ko ba a toshe shi ba;
(2) Dole ne a sami gubar dalma a cikin ramin, tare da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun kauri (4 microns), kuma kada tawada abin rufe fuska ya shiga cikin ramin, yana haifar da gwangwani a cikin ramin;
(3) Dole ne mai ramukan ya kasance yana da ramukan toshe tawada abin rufe fuska, mara kyau, kuma kada ya kasance yana da zoben gwangwani, ƙwanƙwasa gwangwani, da buƙatun shimfidawa.

Tare da haɓaka samfuran lantarki a cikin hanyar "haske, bakin ciki, gajere da ƙanana", PCBs kuma sun haɓaka zuwa babban yawa da wahala. Don haka, ɗimbin adadin SMT da BGA PCB sun bayyana, kuma abokan ciniki suna buƙatar toshewa lokacin da ake hawa abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, galibi ayyuka biyar:

(1) Hana gajeriyar da'ira da ke haifar da tin da ke wucewa ta saman ɓangaren daga ramin lokacin da aka sayar da igiyoyin PCB; musamman lokacin da muka sanya ramin a kan kushin BGA, dole ne mu fara yin ramin filogi sannan mu sanya zinari don sauƙaƙe siyarwar BGA.

(2) Guji ragowar ruwa a cikin tasoshin;
(3) Bayan an gama hawan saman masana'antar lantarki da kuma haɗa abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, PCB dole ne a shafe shi don haifar da matsa lamba mara kyau akan injin gwaji don kammalawa:
(4) Hana man siyar da ƙasa ta kwarara cikin rami, haifar da siyarwar ƙarya da kuma tasiri jeri;
(5) Hana ƙullun kwano daga fitowa a lokacin sayar da igiyar ruwa, haifar da gajeriyar kewayawa.

Don allunan dutsen sama, musamman hawan BGA da IC, toshe rami dole ne ya zama lebur, convex da concave da ko ragi 1mil, kuma dole ne babu jan tin a gefen ramin; rami ta hanyar ɓoye ƙwallon kwandon, don isa ga abokan ciniki Tsarin toshe ta ramuka ana iya kwatanta shi da bambancin. Tsarin tsari yana da tsayi musamman kuma sarrafa tsari yana da wahala. Sau da yawa ana samun matsaloli kamar faɗuwar mai a lokacin hawan iska mai zafi da gwajin juriya na kore mai; fashewar mai bayan warkewa. Yanzu bisa ga ainihin yanayin samarwa, an taƙaita matakai daban-daban na plugging na PCB, kuma ana yin wasu kwatancen da bayani a cikin tsari da fa'idodi da rashin amfani:
Note: The aiki ka'idar zafi iska matakin ne don amfani da zafi iska don cire wuce haddi solder daga saman da ramukan da buga kewaye hukumar, da kuma sauran solder ne ko'ina mai rufi a kan gammaye, wadanda ba juriya solder Lines da surface marufi maki. wanda shine hanyar maganin farfajiyar da'irar da aka buga daya.

I. Hole toshe tsari bayan zafi matakin matakin

Gudun tsarin shine: abin rufe fuska na allo →HAL → ramin toshe → curing. Ana ɗaukar tsarin rashin toshewa don samarwa. Bayan an daidaita iska mai zafi, ana amfani da allon allo na aluminum ko allon toshe tawada don kammala ta hanyar toshe rami da abokin ciniki ke buƙata don duk kagara. Tawada mai toshewa na iya zama tawada mai ɗaukar hoto ko tawada mai zafi. A cikin yanayin tabbatar da launi ɗaya na fim ɗin rigar, yana da kyau a yi amfani da tawada iri ɗaya kamar saman allo. Wannan tsari na iya tabbatar da cewa ta cikin ramukan ba zai rasa mai ba bayan an daidaita iska mai zafi, amma yana da sauƙi don haifar da tawada mai toshe toshe don gurɓata saman allo da rashin daidaituwa. Abokan ciniki suna da saurin siyar da karya (musamman a BGA) yayin hawa. Don haka yawancin abokan ciniki ba su yarda da wannan hanyar ba.

II. Hot iska matakin gaban toshe rami tsari

1. Yi amfani da takardar aluminum don toshe ramin, ƙarfafawa, da goge allon don canja wurin tsari
Wannan tsari na fasaha yana amfani da injin hakowa na CNC don fitar da takardar aluminum da ake buƙatar toshe don yin allo, da kuma toshe ramin don tabbatar da cewa ramin ya cika. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da tawada mai ramin filogi tare da tawada mai zafi, kuma halayensa dole ne su kasance masu ƙarfi. , Rashin raguwa na resin yana da ƙananan, kuma ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tare da bangon rami yana da kyau. A tsari kwarara ne: pre-jiyya → toshe rami → nika farantin → juna canja wurin → etching → hukumar surface solder mask. Wannan hanya na iya tabbatar da cewa ramin toshe na ramin yana da lebur, kuma ba za a sami matsaloli masu inganci kamar fashewar mai da digon mai a gefen ramin yayin hawan iska mai zafi ba. Koyaya, wannan tsari yana buƙatar yin kauri na jan ƙarfe na lokaci ɗaya don sanya kaurin tagulla na bangon ramin ya dace da ma'aunin abokin ciniki. Don haka, abubuwan da ake buƙata don yin platin tagulla na gabaɗayan farantin suna da girma sosai, kuma aikin injin ɗin niƙa yana da girma sosai, don tabbatar da cewa an cire resin da ke saman jan ƙarfe gaba ɗaya, kuma saman tagulla yana da tsabta kuma ba ya gurɓata. . Yawancin masana'antun PCB ba su da tsari mai kauri na lokaci ɗaya, kuma aikin kayan aikin bai cika buƙatun ba, wanda ke haifar da rashin amfani da wannan tsari sosai a masana'antar PCB.

2. Yi amfani da takardar aluminum don toshe ramin kuma kai tsaye allon buga abin rufe fuska na allo
Wannan tsari yana amfani da injin hakowa na CNC don fitar da takardar aluminium wanda ke buƙatar toshe don yin allo, sanya shi akan na'urar buga allo don toshe ramin, sannan a ajiye shi sama da mintuna 30 bayan an gama toshewa. kuma yi amfani da allon 36T don duba saman allon kai tsaye. Gudun tsarin shine: pretreatment-toshe rami-silk allo-pre-baking-exposure-development-curing
Wannan tsari zai iya tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar rami yana da kyau an rufe shi da man fetur, ramin toshe yana da lebur, kuma launin fim ɗin rigar ya dace. Bayan an daidaita iska mai zafi, zai iya tabbatar da cewa ba a tinned ta hanyar rami ba, kuma ramin ba ya ɓoye beads na gwangwani, amma yana da sauƙi don haifar da tawada a cikin ramin bayan warkewa The soldering pads haifar da rashin solderability; bayan an daidaita iska mai zafi, ana cire gefuna na vias yana bubbuga da mai. Yana da wuya a sarrafa samarwa ta wannan hanyar tsari. Dole ne injiniyoyin aikin su yi amfani da matakai na musamman da sigogi don tabbatar da ingancin ramukan toshe.

3. An shigar da takardar aluminum a cikin rami, haɓakawa, an riga an warkar da shi, kuma an goge shi a gaban mashin solder.
Yi amfani da injin hakowa na CNC don fitar da takardar aluminum wanda ke buƙatar toshe ramuka don yin allo, shigar da shi akan na'urar bugu na allo don toshe ramuka. Dole ne ramukan toshewa su cika kuma suna fitowa a bangarorin biyu. Bayan warkewa, allon yana ƙasa don maganin saman. Tsarin gudana shine: pre-jiyya-toshe rami-pre-baking-development-pre-curing-board surface solder resist. Domin wannan tsari yana amfani da maganin toshe rami don tabbatar da cewa ta rami bayan HAL ba ta faɗo ko fashe ba, amma bayan HAL, Yana da wahala a warware gaba ɗaya matsalar ƙwanƙwasa kwano da aka ɓoye a cikin ramuka da kwano ta hanyar ramuka, abokan ciniki da yawa suna yin hakan. kar a karbe su.

4. jirgin saman solder mask da toshe rami an kammala a lokaci guda.
Wannan hanyar tana amfani da allon 36T (43T), wanda aka sanya akan na'urar bugu ta allo, ta amfani da farantin baya ko gadon ƙusa, yayin kammala saman allo, toshe duk ta cikin ramuka, tsarin gudana shine: pretreatment-silk screen- -Pre- yin burodi - fallasa - ci gaba - warkewa. Lokacin tsari yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma yawan amfani da kayan aiki yana da yawa. Yana iya tabbatar da cewa ta cikin ramukan ba zai rasa mai ba kuma ta hanyar ramukan ba za a yi tinned bayan an daidaita iska mai zafi ba, amma saboda ana amfani da siliki na siliki don toshe , Akwai iska mai yawa a cikin ta hanyar. Lokacin da ake warkewa, iska tana faɗaɗa kuma ta karye ta cikin abin rufe fuska na solder, yana haifar da cavities da rashin daidaituwa. Za a sami ɗan ƙaramin tin ta ramuka don daidaita iska mai zafi. A halin yanzu, bayan babban adadin gwaje-gwaje, kamfaninmu ya zaɓi nau'ikan tawada daban-daban da danko, daidaita matsa lamba na bugu na allo, da dai sauransu, kuma a zahiri warware ramin da rashin daidaituwa na vias, kuma ya karɓi wannan tsari don taro. samarwa.