Crystal oscillator shine maɓalli a ƙirar da'irar dijital, yawanci a ƙirar kewaye, ana amfani da oscillator crystal azaman zuciyar da'irar dijital, duk aikin da'irar dijital ba ta rabuwa da siginar agogo, kuma kawai oscillator crystal shine maɓallin maɓalli. wanda kai tsaye ke sarrafa farkon al'ada na gabaɗayan tsarin, ana iya cewa idan akwai ƙirar da'ira na dijital na iya ganin oscillator crystal.
I. Menene oscillator crystal?
Crystal oscillator gabaɗaya yana nufin nau'ikan nau'ikan ma'adini biyu na ma'adini crystal oscillator da quartz crystal resonator, kuma ana iya kiran shi kai tsaye oscillator crystal. Dukansu ana yin su ta amfani da tasirin piezoelectric na lu'ulu'u na quartz.
The crystal oscillator yana aiki kamar haka: lokacin da aka yi amfani da filin lantarki a kan na'urorin lantarki guda biyu na crystal, crystal zai fuskanci nakasawa na inji, kuma akasin haka, idan aka sanya matsi na inji zuwa iyakar biyu na crystal, crystal zai samar da shi. filin lantarki. Wannan al'amari yana da jujjuyawa, don haka ta yin amfani da wannan sifa ta crystal, ƙara madaidaicin ƙarfin lantarki zuwa ƙarshen kristal guda biyu, guntu zai haifar da girgizar injin, kuma a lokaci guda yana samar da madayan wutar lantarki. Duk da haka, wannan firgita da wutar lantarki da kristal ke samarwa gabaɗaya ƙanƙanta ne, amma idan dai yana cikin wani mitar, za a ƙara girman girman girman, kamar sautin madauki na LC wanda mu masu zanen kewayawa sukan gani.
II. Rarraba oscillations crystal (aiki da m)
① Ƙwararren kristal oscillator
Crystal Passive crystal ne, gabaɗaya na'urar mara igiyar igiya 2-pin (wasu kristal masu wucewa suna da tsayayyen fil ba tare da polarity ba).
Oscillator mai wucewa gabaɗaya yana buƙatar dogaro da da'irar agogon da aka kafa ta mai ɗaukar nauyi don samar da siginar oscillating (siginar igiyar ruwa).
② Active crystal oscillator
Oscillator kristal mai aiki shine oscillator, yawanci tare da fil 4. Oscillator crystal mai aiki baya buƙatar oscillator na ciki na CPU don samar da sigina mai murabba'i. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai aiki yana haifar da siginar agogo.
Sigina na oscillator kristal mai aiki ya tsaya tsayin daka, ingancin ya fi kyau, kuma yanayin haɗin yana da sauƙi, daidaitaccen kuskuren ya fi na m crystal oscillator, kuma farashin ya fi tsada fiye da oscillator crystal m.
III. Mahimman sigogi na oscillator crystal
Ma'auni na asali na babban oscillator crystal sune: zafin aiki, ƙimar madaidaici, ƙarfin da ya dace, nau'in fakitin, mitar asali da sauransu.
Babban mitar oscillator kristal: Zaɓin mitar kristal na gabaɗaya ya dogara da buƙatun abubuwan mitar, kamar MCU gabaɗaya kewayo ne, yawancin su daga 4M zuwa da yawa na M.
Daidaitaccen girgizawar Crystal: daidaiton girgizar lu'u-lu'u shine gabaɗaya ± 5PPM, ± 10PPM, ± 20PPM, ± 50PPM, da dai sauransu, kwakwalwan agogo masu tsayi gabaɗaya suna cikin ± 5PPM, kuma amfani gabaɗaya zai zaɓi game da ± 20PPM.
Matsakaicin madaidaicin oscillator na crystal: yawanci ta hanyar daidaita ƙimar ƙarfin daidaitawa, ana iya canza ainihin mitar oscillator na kristal, kuma a halin yanzu, ana amfani da wannan hanyar don daidaita madaidaicin kristal oscillator.
A cikin tsarin kewayawa, layin siginar agogo mai sauri yana da fifiko mafi girma. Layin agogo sigina ce mai mahimmanci, kuma mafi girman mitar, ana buƙatar guntun layin don tabbatar da cewa karkatar da siginar ba ta da yawa.
Yanzu a cikin da'irori da yawa, mitar agogon crystal na tsarin yana da girma sosai, don haka makamashin yin kutse tare da masu jituwa shima yana da ƙarfi, harmonics za a samu daga shigarwar da fitar da layi biyu, amma kuma daga sararin samaniya, wanda kuma yana haifar da idan tsarin PCB na crystal oscillator ba shi da ma'ana, zai iya haifar da matsala mai ƙarfi ta ɓacewa, kuma da zarar an samar da shi, yana da wuya a warware ta wasu hanyoyin. Sabili da haka, yana da matukar mahimmanci ga oscillator crystal da shimfidar layin siginar CLK lokacin da aka shimfiɗa allon PCB.