Gabaɗaya magana, abubuwan da ke shafar halayen halayen PCB sune: kauri na dielectric H, kauri na jan ƙarfe T, faɗin alama W, tazarar alama, dielectric akai Er na kayan da aka zaɓa don tari, da kauri na abin rufe fuska.

Gabaɗaya, mafi girman kauri na dielectric da tazarar layi, mafi girman ƙimar impedance; mafi girma da dielectric akai-akai, jan karfe kauri, line nisa, da solder mask kauri, da karami da impedance darajar.

Na farko: matsakaicin kauri, haɓaka matsakaicin matsakaici na iya ƙara haɓaka, kuma rage girman kauri na iya rage haɓaka; daban-daban prepregs da daban-daban manne abun ciki da kuma kauri. Kauri bayan dannawa yana da alaƙa da lebur na latsawa da kuma tsarin farantin latsawa; ga kowane nau'i na farantin da aka yi amfani da shi, wajibi ne a sami kauri daga layin watsa labaru wanda za'a iya samarwa, wanda ya dace don ƙira ƙira, da ƙirar injiniya, latsa maɓallin farantin karfe, Haƙuri mai shigowa shine mabuɗin sarrafa kauri na kafofin watsa labarai.

Na biyu: fadin layi, haɓaka nisa na layi na iya rage rashin ƙarfi, rage girman layin zai iya ƙara haɓaka. Kula da fadin layin yana buƙatar kasancewa cikin juriya na +/- 10% don cimma ikon sarrafa impedance. Tazarar layin siginar yana rinjayar duk yanayin gwajin gwajin. Matsakaicin ma'ana guda ɗaya yana da girma, yana yin duk nau'in igiyar ruwa ba daidai ba, kuma ba a ba da izinin layin impedance don yin Layi ba, rata ba zai iya wuce 10%. Faɗin layin ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar sarrafa etching. Don tabbatar da nisa na layi, bisa ga adadin etching gefen etching, kuskuren zane mai haske, da kuskuren canja wurin tsari, an biya fim ɗin tsari don tsari don saduwa da buƙatun nisa na layi.

Na uku: kauri na jan karfe, rage kauri na layi na iya ƙara haɓakawa, haɓaka kauri na layin zai iya rage ƙarancin; Za'a iya sarrafa kauri na layi ta hanyar zane-zane ko zaɓin daidaitaccen kauri na kayan tushe na jan karfe. Ana buƙatar sarrafa kauri na jan karfe don zama iri ɗaya. Ana saka shingen shunt a kan allo na siraran wayoyi da keɓaɓɓun wayoyi don daidaita halin yanzu don hana kaurin jan ƙarfe mara daidaituwa akan wayar kuma ya shafi rarrabawar jan ƙarfe na musamman akan saman cs da ss. Wajibi ne a ketare allon don cimma manufar kauri na tagulla iri ɗaya a bangarorin biyu.

Na hudu: Dielectric akai-akai, ƙara yawan dielectric akai-akai na iya rage rashin ƙarfi, rage yawan dielectric akai-akai na iya ƙara haɓakawa, ƙananan dielectric yawanci ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar abu. Tsarin dielectric na faranti daban-daban ya bambanta, wanda ke da alaƙa da kayan resin da aka yi amfani da su: ƙimar dielectric na farantin FR4 shine 3.9-4.5, wanda zai ragu tare da haɓakar yawan amfani, kuma ƙimar dielectric na PTFE shine 2.2. - Don samun babban siginar watsawa tsakanin 3.9 yana buƙatar ƙima mai girma, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarancin dielectric akai-akai.

Na biyar: kauri na solder mask. Buga abin rufe fuska na solder zai rage juriya na Layer na waje. A cikin yanayi na al'ada, buga abin rufe fuska guda ɗaya na iya rage faɗuwar ƙarewa ta 2 ohms, kuma yana iya yin raguwar bambancin ta 8 ohms. Buga sau biyu darajar digo ya ninka na fasfo ɗaya sau biyu. Lokacin bugawa fiye da sau uku, ƙimar impedance ba zai canza ba.