Saboda karami da girman, akwai kusan babu ka'idodin buga da'irar da'irar kafa don kasuwar da za ta same ta. Kafin waɗannan ka'idojin sun fito, dole ne mu dogara da ilimin da masana'antu da ke sarrafawa a cikin haɓakar matakan da kuma yi tunani game da yadda ake amfani da su don ƙalubalen tasirin tasirin fitowa. Akwai bangarori guda uku waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Su ne: Clinsuit Circuit kayan gini, kayan RF / microveve na microveve da Lines na watsa labarai.

PCB kayan

"PCB" gaba daya ta ƙunshi laminates, wanda za'a iya yin shi da kayan zare-karfafa epoxy (FR4), polyimide ko kayan kwalliya ko sauran kayan lakabi. Ana kiran abu tsakanin abu tsakanin yadudduka daban-daban a cikin shirye-shiryen.

Na'urorin da muke iya buƙata suna buƙatar babban abin dogaro, don haka lokacin da masu zanen PCB suke fuskanta tare da zaɓin amfani da FR4 (masana'antu mai inganci na PCB) ko mafi ci gaba da abubuwa masu tsada, wannan zai zama matsala.

Idan aikace-aikacen PCB da muke buƙata na buƙatar girman-sauri, kayan mitsi, fr4 na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi. Ma'alon adalci (DK) FR4 shine 4.5, allurar da za ta dace da tsarin da aka ci gaba da tsarin ɗan'uwan Jerin'uwan 'yan'uwan Brother Rogers 4350 shine 3.66.

"Mayafin abin da zai yi na nufin rabo daga cikin capacitance ko makamashi tsakanin kujerun mita fiye da fruectionctions na mitar.

A karkashin yanayi na yau da kullun, yawan yadudduka na PCB ga na'urori masu sutura masu yawa daga yadudduka 4 zuwa 8. Ka'idar aikin Layer shi ne cewa idan ya kasance 8-Layer PCB, ya kamata ya iya samar da isasshen ƙasa da yadudduka da sandwich da keke Layer. Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya kiyaye tasirin da ke crossalk da ketare da zaɓin lantarki (EMI).

A cikin Lapit Hel din Lapito mataki, shirin shimfidar shimfidar wuri gabaɗaya ne a kusa da babban ƙasa zuwa Layer rarraba wutar lantarki. Wannan na iya samar da ƙarancin sakamako mai zurfi, da amo na iya raguwa zuwa kusan sifili. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga mitar mitar rediyo.

Idan aka kwatanta shi da kayan Rogers, Fr4 yana da mafi girma discacation (DF), musamman a babban mita. Don ƙarin aikin FR4 Linates, darajar DF ​​kusan 0.002, wanda yake da oda mafi girma fiye da talakawa FR4. Koyaya, Rogers 'Cag ne kawai 0.001 ko ƙasa da haka. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da kayan FR4 don aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen mita, za a sami bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin asarar mai. Ana bayyana asarar Saka azaman asarar siginar daga nuna b yayin amfani da FR4, Rogers ko wasu kayan.

Croirƙiri Matsaloli

Weel PCB na buƙatar ikon sarrafawa. Wannan muhimmin abu ne mai mahimmanci ga na'urori masu yawa. Bambancin dacewa na iya samar da watsa siginar sigari. Tun da farko, da aka yarda da haƙuri don ɗaukar hoto na ɗaukar hoto shine ± 10%. Wannan mai nuna alamar a bayyane yake ba shi da kyau don mitar a yau da kuma kewaya mai saurin gudu. Bukatar ta yanzu ita ce ± 7%, kuma a wasu lokuta har ma da 5% ko ƙasa da haka. Wannan sigar da sauran masu canji zasu iya shafar samar da wadataccen samfurin da ke da matukar muni musamman ikon sarrafawa musamman, ta hanyar iyakance yawan kasuwancin da zasu iya samar da su.

Abubuwan da suka yi watsi da rashin biyayya da kayan da aka yi da kayan Rogers Uhf an kiyaye su gaba ɗaya ta ± 2%, kuma wasu samfurori na iya isa ± 1%. Ya bambanta, abin da ya yanke hukunci a kan abin da Fr4 Layinate shine babba kamar 10%. Sabili da haka, kwatanta waɗannan kayan biyu waɗanda za'a iya samun asarar kayan Rogers "da asarar rigers na musamman ƙananan ƙananan. Idan aka kwatanta da kayan FR4 na gargajiya, asarar isar da asarar da kuma dawo da asarar Rogon Rogers rabin.

A mafi yawan lokuta, farashin shine mafi mahimmanci. Koyaya, Rogers na iya samar da ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙasa mai ƙarfi a cikin farashin da aka yarda da shi. Don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci, ana iya yin Rogers a cikin PCB na matasan tare da epoxy-tushen fr4, wasu yadudduka waɗanda ke amfani da kayan Rogers, da sauran yadudduka suna amfani da FR4.

Lokacin zabar jobers ɗin Rogers, mita shine la'akari ta farko. Lokacin da mita ya wuce 500mhz, PCB masu zanen kaya suna iya zaɓen kayan rogers, musamman ga da'awar RF / Ellis na iya samar da mafi girman aiki ta hanyar rashin daidaituwa.

Idan aka kwatanta da kayan FR4, kayan rogers na iya samar da ƙananan Motsa Moteelrics, kuma an bartar ta a cikin kewayon mitar. Bugu da kari, kayan Rogers na iya samar da ingantaccen aikin asarar asarar mai da ake buƙata ta hanyar babban mita.

Mafi kyawun yaduwar zafi (cte) na tsarin Rogers 4000 yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan aka kwatanta da FR4, lokacin da PCB ya yi sanyi sanyi, mai zafi da kuma ƙanƙantar da jirgin sama da ke haifar da madaidaicin jirgi a ƙarƙashin mafi girman yanayin zafin.

Game da yanayin hadewar hadari, yana da sauki amfani da fasahar tsarin samar da kayan masana'antar gama gari don hade da Rogers da babban aiki FR4 tare, don haka yana da sauƙin samun yawan masana'antu. Rogers ɗin ba ya buƙatar tsarin shiri na musamman ta hanyar.

FRR4 na kowa ba zai iya samun ingantacciyar aikin lantarki ba, amma manyan-wasan kwaikwayon FR4 suna da ingantattun halaye, kamar yadda kuma za a iya amfani da su a cikin ɗakunan Audio mai sauƙi, daga ƙira mai sauƙi zuwa aikace-aikacen microrowa mai sauƙi zuwa aikace-aikacen Microungia.

RF / Microwave sihiri

Fasahar mai ɗaukuwa da Bluetooth sun share hanyar don aikace-aikacen RF / Microwave Aikace-aikace a cikin na'urori da yawa. Yau yawan kewayon yau da kullun yana zama mafi ƙarfin ƙarfi. Bayan 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, sosai babban mitelent (VHF) an ayyana azaman 2GZ ~ 3GZ. Amma yanzu zamu iya ganin aikace-aikace mai yawa (UHF) daga aikace-aikacen daga 10GZ zuwa 25GHZ.

Sabili da haka, don suwallen da muke buƙata, ɓangaren da ake buƙata yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa ga maganganun da ke tattare, kuma alamun ya kamata a raba siginar miji daban-daban. Sauran ayyukan sun hada da: Bayar da matattarar matattara, ingantacce, da kuma tsara layin watsa hankali da kuma layin dawowa kusan daidai yake.

Bypass tace na iya hana tasirin abin da abun ciki da crosstalk. Abubuwan da za a yi amfani da su masu ɗaukar hoto suna buƙatar sanya su kusa da fil na na'urar dauke da siginar iko.

Lines na sauri-sauri da da'irar siginar suna buƙatar sanya ƙasa Layer a tsakanin siginar Powerarfin Power don sanyaya jigon jigon ta hanyar amo. A mafi girman shiga sigina, karamin haramcin rashin daidaituwa zai haifar da watsawa da karɓar sigina, sakamakon murdiya. Sabili da haka, dole ne a biya musamman ta musamman ga matsalar da ta dace da ta dace da siginar mitar rediyo, saboda siginar mitar rediyo tana da babban sauri kuma haƙuri na musamman.

Lines na RF RF yana buƙatar rashin daidaituwa don watsa siginar RF daga takamaiman IC substrate zuwa PCB. Wadannan layin watsa shirye za a iya aiwatar dasu akan Layer na waje, saman Layer, da kuma Layer Layer, ko za a iya tsara shi a tsakiyar yankin.

Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a lokacin PCB RF Design Lineut sune layin micb, wanda ke iyo layin ƙasa, Coplanarvaguide ko ƙasa. The microstrip line consists of a fixed length of metal or traces and the entire ground plane or part of the ground plane directly below it. Halin halayyar a cikin tsarin layin microstrasip na microstrasibrp ɗin yana fitowa daga 50ω zuwa 75ω.

Tsararre mai iyo wata hanya ce ta wayoyi da amo. Wannan layin ya ƙunshi kewayon free-fence a kan muryoyin ciki da babban jirgin sama sama da ƙasa da ke ƙarƙashin cibiyar shugaba. Jirgin saman ƙasa yana da sandwiched tsakanin jirgin sama mai ƙarfi, saboda haka yana iya samar da sakamako mai tasiri sosai. Wannan ita ce hanyar da aka fi so don alama ta PCB na Samfurin Wiring.

Coplanarvagude na iya samar da mafi kyawun ware kusa da RF Circuit da da'irar da ke buƙatar ta fi kusa. Wannan matsakaicin ya ƙunshi wani matakin shugaba da jirage ƙasa a kowane gefen ko a ƙasa. Hanya mafi kyau don watsa siginar miji na rediyo ita ce dakatar da layin tsiri ko coplanar agaji. Wadannan hanyoyin guda biyu na iya samar da mafi kyawun ware tsakanin siginar da RF Trades.

An ba da shawarar yin amfani da abin da ake kira "ta hanyar shinge ta hanyar" a garesu na Coplan Faifa. Wannan hanyar na iya samar da jere na ƙasa ta hanyar kowane jirgin saman ƙasa na shugaba na cibiyar. Babban Trace Gudun A tsakiyar yana da shinge a kowane gefe, saboda haka samar da gajeriyar hanya don dawowar yanzu zuwa ƙasa a ƙasa. Wannan hanyar na iya rage matakin amo da aka danganta shi da babban tasirin alamar alamar RF. Mayayyar tazara ta 4.5 ya kasance iri ɗaya ne da kayan FR4 na Pippreg, daga Microstriplline ko ƙuruciya ko kuma 3.8 zuwa 3.8 zuwa 3.9 zuwa 3.9.

A wasu na'urori da ke amfani da jirgin saman ƙasa, makafi ana amfani da su don haɓaka aikin kwalliyar wutar lantarki da samar da hanyar shunt daga na'urar zuwa ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Hanyar Shunt zuwa ƙasa na iya rage tsawon ta hanyar. Wannan na iya aiwatar da dalilai guda biyu: ba kawai ƙirƙirar shunt ko ƙasa ba, har ma har ma a rage nesa na na'urori tare da ƙananan yankuna, wanda mahimmancin rf ƙera ne.