Saboda halayen canzawa na wutar lantarki mai sauyawa, yana da sauƙi don haifar da wutar lantarki don samar da babban tsangwama na daidaitawar lantarki. A matsayin injiniyan samar da wutar lantarki, injiniyan daidaitawa na lantarki, ko injiniyan shimfidar wuri na PCB, dole ne ku fahimci abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalolin daidaitawar wutar lantarki kuma ku warware matakan, musamman shimfidar wuri Injiniyoyin suna buƙatar sanin yadda ake guje wa faɗaɗa datti. Wannan labarin yafi gabatar da mahimman abubuwan ƙirar wutar lantarki na PCB.

1. Yawancin ka'idoji na asali: kowane waya yana da impedance; halin yanzu koyaushe yana zaɓar hanya ta atomatik tare da ƙarancin impedance; ƙarfin radiation yana da alaƙa da halin yanzu, mita, da yankin madauki; Tsangwama yanayin gama gari yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin juna na manyan siginar dv/dt zuwa ƙasa; Ka'idar rage EMI da haɓaka ikon hana tsangwama iri ɗaya ne.

2. Ya kamata a raba shimfidar wuri bisa ga samar da wutar lantarki, analog, dijital mai sauri da kowane toshe aiki.

3. Rage girman yanki na babban di / dt madauki kuma rage tsawon (ko yanki, nisa na babban layin siginar dv / dt). Haɓakawa a cikin yankin da aka gano zai ƙara ƙarfin da aka rarraba. Hanyar gabaɗaya ita ce: faɗin alama Yi ƙoƙarin zama babba kamar yadda zai yiwu, amma cire abin da ya wuce gona da iri), kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin tafiya cikin layi madaidaiciya don rage ɓoyayyun wurin don rage radiation.

4. Inductive crosstalk yawanci yakan haifar da babban di/dt madauki ( eriya na madauki), kuma ƙarfin shigar da shi yayi daidai da inductance na juna, don haka yana da mahimmanci a rage haɓakar juna tare da waɗannan sigina (babban hanyar ita ce ragewa. yankin madauki kuma ƙara nisa); Maganganun jima'i ana haifar da shi ta manyan sigina na dv/dt, kuma ƙarfin shigar da shi yayi daidai da ƙarfin juna. Dukkan ƙarfin juna tare da waɗannan sigina suna raguwa (babban hanyar ita ce rage tasirin haɗin gwiwa mai tasiri da kuma ƙara nisa. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfin juna yana raguwa tare da karuwar nisa. Mai sauri) ya fi mahimmanci.

5. Yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ƙa'idar sokewar madauki don ƙara rage yanki na babban di/dt madauki, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1 (mai kama da karkatattun biyu).
Yi amfani da ƙa'idar sokewar madauki don haɓaka ikon hana tsangwama da ƙara nisan watsawa):

Hoto na 1, Sokewar madauki (madaidaicin madauki na da'irar haɓakawa)

6. Rage madauki yankin ba kawai rage radiation ba, amma kuma yana rage madauki inductance, yin aikin kewayawa mafi kyau.

7. Rage yankin madauki yana buƙatar mu tsara daidaitaccen hanyar dawowar kowane alama.

8. Lokacin da aka haɗa PCB da yawa ta hanyar haɗin kai, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da rage girman yankin madauki, musamman don manyan sigina na di/dt, sigina mai girma ko sigina masu mahimmanci. Zai fi kyau cewa waya sigina ɗaya ta yi daidai da waya ta ƙasa ɗaya, kuma wayoyi biyu suna kusa da yuwuwa. Idan ya cancanta, za a iya amfani da murɗaɗɗen wayoyi guda biyu don haɗawa (tsawon kowane murɗaɗɗen wayoyi ya yi daidai da maƙallan lamba ɗaya na amo rabin tsawon tsayi). Idan ka bude akwati na kwamfuta, za ka ga cewa kebul na USB tsakanin motherboard da gaban panel yana da haɗin gwiwa tare da murɗaɗɗen guda biyu, wanda ke nuna mahimmancin haɗin haɗin biyu don hana tsoma baki da kuma rage radiation.

9. Don kebul na bayanai, yi ƙoƙarin shirya ƙarin wayoyi na ƙasa a cikin kebul ɗin, kuma sanya waɗannan wayoyi na ƙasa daidai da rarraba a cikin kebul, wanda zai iya rage girman madauki yadda yakamata.

10. Ko da yake wasu layukan haɗin kan allo suna da ƙananan sigina, saboda waɗannan ƙananan siginar suna ɗauke da ƙarar ƙararrawa mai yawa (ta hanyar sarrafawa da radiation), yana da sauƙi don haskaka waɗannan sautin idan ba a kula da su yadda ya kamata ba.

11. Lokacin yin wayoyi, da farko la'akari da manyan alamu na yanzu da alamun da ke da haɗari ga radiation.

12. Canja wutar lantarki yawanci suna da madaukai 4 na yanzu: shigarwa, fitarwa, sauyawa, freewheeling, (Figure 2). A cikin su, madaukai na shigarwa da fitarwa na yanzu sun kasance kusan kai tsaye, kusan ba a samar da emi ba, amma suna da sauƙin damuwa; madaidaicin madaukai masu sauyawa da freewheeling na yanzu suna da di/dt mafi girma, wanda ke buƙatar kulawa.
Hoto 2, Madauki na yanzu na kewayen Buck

13. Da'irar tuƙi na gate na bututun mos (igbt) yakan ƙunshi babban di/dt.

14. Kada a sanya ƙananan sigina, kamar sarrafawa da na'urorin analog, a cikin manyan na'urorin halin yanzu, mita mai girma da ƙarfin lantarki don kauce wa tsangwama.

A ci gaba…..