Ramin da'a ta hanyar rami kuma ana kiransa ta rami. Domin biyan buƙatun abokin ciniki, dole ne a toshe allon kewayawa ta rami. Bayan aiki da yawa, ana canza tsarin toshe aluminum na al'ada, kuma ana kammala abin rufe fuska da toshewa da farar raga. rami. Stable samar da abin dogara inganci.

Via rami yana taka rawar haɗin kai da gudanar da layi. Ci gaban da lantarki masana'antu kuma inganta ci gaban PCB, da kuma sanya a gaba mafi girma bukatun a kan buga hukumar masana'antu tsari da surface Dutsen fasaha. Fasahar toshe rami ta samo asali, kuma yakamata ya cika buƙatu masu zuwa:

(1) Akwai jan karfe a cikin rami, kuma ana iya toshe abin rufe fuska ko ba a toshe shi ba;
(2) Dole ne a sami gubar dalma a cikin ramin, tare da ƙayyadaddun buƙatu (4 microns), kuma kada tawada abin rufe fuska ya shiga cikin ramin, yana haifar da ɓoyayyiyar kwano a cikin ramin;
(3) Dole ne mai ramukan ya kasance yana da ramukan toshe tawada abin rufe fuska, mara kyau, kuma kada ya kasance yana da zoben gwangwani, ƙwanƙwasa gwangwani, da buƙatun shimfidawa.

Tare da haɓaka samfuran lantarki a cikin hanyar "haske, bakin ciki, gajere da ƙanana", PCBs kuma sun haɓaka zuwa babban yawa da wahala. Don haka, ɗimbin adadin SMT da BGA PCB sun bayyana, kuma abokan ciniki suna buƙatar toshewa lokacin da ake hawa abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, galibi gami da ayyuka biyar:

(1) Hana gajeriyar da'ira ta haifar da tin da ke wucewa ta saman sassan daga ramin lokacin da aka siyar da igiyoyin PCB; musamman lokacin da muka sanya ramin a kan kushin BGA, dole ne mu fara yin ramin filogi sannan mu sanya zinari don sauƙaƙe siyarwar BGA.
(2) Guji ragowar ruwa a cikin ramuka;
(3) Bayan an kammala hawan saman da kuma hada kayan aikin masana'antar lantarki, PCB dole ne a shafe shi don samar da mummunan matsa lamba akan injin gwaji don kammalawa:
(4) Hana man siyar da ƙasa ta kwarara cikin rami, haifar da siyarwar ƙarya da kuma tasiri jeri;
(5) Hana ƙwallan kwano daga fitowa a lokacin sayar da igiyar ruwa, suna haifar da gajeriyar kewayawa.

Ganewa da conductive rami plugging tsari

Don allunan dutsen sama, musamman hawan BGA da IC, toshe rami dole ne ya zama lebur, convex da concave da ko ragi 1mil, kuma dole ne babu jan tin a gefen ramin; da via rami boye da kwano ball, domin ya isa ga abokan ciniki Bisa ga bukatun, da via rami plugging tsari za a iya bayyana a matsayin bambancin, da tsari ne musamman tsawo, da tsari ne da wuya a sarrafa, da kuma man da aka sau da yawa sauke a lokacin. zafi iska matakin da kore mai solder juriya gwajin; matsaloli kamar fashewar mai bayan warkewa. Dangane da ainihin yanayin samarwa, an taƙaita matakai daban-daban na toshe PCB, kuma ana yin wasu kwatancen da bayani a cikin tsari da fa'idodi da rashin amfani:

Lura: Ƙa'idar aiki na daidaitawar iska mai zafi shine a yi amfani da iska mai zafi don cire wuce haddi na solder daga saman da ramukan da'irar da aka buga. Ragowar solder ɗin ana lulluɓe daidai gwargwado a kan gammaye, layukan siyar da ba su da ƙarfi da wuraren marufi, wanda shine hanyar jiyya ta saman allon da'ira ɗaya.

1. Plugging tsari bayan zafi iska matakin

Gudun tsarin shine: abin rufe fuska na allo →HAL → ramin toshe → curing. Ana ɗaukar tsarin rashin toshewa don samarwa. Bayan an daidaita iska mai zafi, ana amfani da allon allo na aluminum ko allon toshe tawada don kammala ta hanyar toshe rami da abokin ciniki ke buƙata don duk katangar. Tawada mai toshewa na iya zama tawada mai ɗaukar hoto ko tawada mai zafi. A ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa launi na fim ɗin rigar ya dace, tawada mai toshewa ya fi dacewa don amfani da tawada iri ɗaya kamar saman allo. Wannan tsari na iya tabbatar da cewa ta cikin ramukan ba zai rasa mai ba bayan an daidaita iska mai zafi, amma yana da sauƙi don haifar da tawada mai toshe toshe don gurɓata saman allo da rashin daidaituwa. Abokan ciniki suna da saurin siyar da karya (musamman a BGA) yayin hawa. Don haka yawancin abokan ciniki ba su yarda da wannan hanyar ba.

2. Haɓakar iska mai zafi da fasahar toshe rami

2.1 Yi amfani da takardar aluminum don toshe ramin, ƙarfafawa, da goge allo don canja wurin hoto

Wannan tsari yana amfani da na'ura mai sarrafa lambobi don hako takardar aluminum wanda ke buƙatar toshe don yin allo, kuma toshe ramin don tabbatar da cewa ramin ya cika. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da tawada mai ramin filogi tare da tawada mai zafi, kuma halayensa dole ne su kasance masu ƙarfi. , Rashin raguwa na resin yana da ƙananan, kuma ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tare da bangon rami yana da kyau. Tsarin tsari shine: pre-jiyya → toshe rami → farantin nika → canja wurin tsari → etching → saman solder mask

Wannan hanya na iya tabbatar da cewa ramin toshe na ramin yana da lebur, kuma ba za a sami matsaloli masu inganci kamar fashewar mai da digon mai a gefen ramin lokacin daidaitawa da iska mai zafi ba. Koyaya, wannan tsari yana buƙatar kauri na jan karfe na lokaci ɗaya don sanya kaurin tagulla na bangon rami ya dace da ma'aunin abokin ciniki. Don haka, abubuwan da ake buƙata don sanya tagulla a kan farantin gabaɗaya suna da girma sosai, kuma aikin injin ɗin niƙa yana da girma sosai, don tabbatar da cewa an cire resin da ke saman jan ƙarfe gaba ɗaya, kuma saman tagulla yana da tsabta kuma ba ya gurɓata. . Yawancin masana'antun PCB ba su da tsari mai kauri na lokaci ɗaya, kuma aikin kayan aikin bai cika buƙatun ba, wanda ke haifar da rashin amfani da wannan tsari sosai a masana'antar PCB.

1. Tsarin toshewa bayan Matsayin Jirgin Sama

Gudun tsarin shine: abin rufe fuska na allo →HAL → ramin toshe → curing. Ana ɗaukar tsarin rashin toshewa don samarwa. Bayan an daidaita iska mai zafi, ana amfani da allon allo na aluminum ko allon toshe tawada don kammala ta hanyar toshe rami da abokin ciniki ke buƙata don duk katangar. Tawada mai toshewa na iya zama tawada mai ɗaukar hoto ko tawada mai zafi. A ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa launi na fim ɗin rigar ya dace, tawada mai toshewa ya fi dacewa don amfani da tawada iri ɗaya kamar saman allo. Wannan tsari na iya tabbatar da cewa ta cikin ramukan ba zai rasa mai ba bayan an daidaita iska mai zafi, amma yana da sauƙi don haifar da tawada mai toshe toshe don gurɓata saman allo da rashin daidaituwa. Abokan ciniki suna da saurin siyar da karya (musamman a BGA) yayin hawa. Don haka yawancin abokan ciniki ba su yarda da wannan hanyar ba.

2. Haɓakar iska mai zafi da fasahar toshe rami

2.1 Yi amfani da takardar aluminum don toshe ramin, ƙarfafawa, da goge allo don canja wurin hoto

Wannan tsari yana amfani da na'ura mai sarrafa lambobi don hako takardar aluminum wanda ke buƙatar toshe don yin allo, kuma toshe ramin don tabbatar da cewa ramin ya cika. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da tawada mai toshe rami tare da tawada na thermosetting, kuma halayensa dole ne su kasance masu ƙarfi. Tsarin tsari shine: pre-jiyya → toshe rami → farantin nika → canja wurin tsari → etching → saman solder mask

Wannan hanya na iya tabbatar da cewa ramin toshe na ramin yana da lebur, kuma ba za a sami matsaloli masu inganci kamar fashewar mai da digon mai a gefen ramin lokacin daidaitawa da iska mai zafi ba. Koyaya, wannan tsari yana buƙatar kauri na jan karfe na lokaci ɗaya don sanya kaurin tagulla na bangon rami ya dace da ma'aunin abokin ciniki. Don haka, abubuwan da ake buƙata don sanya tagulla a kan farantin gabaɗaya suna da girma sosai, kuma aikin injin ɗin niƙa yana da girma sosai, don tabbatar da cewa an cire resin da ke saman jan ƙarfe gaba ɗaya, kuma saman tagulla yana da tsabta kuma ba ya gurɓata. . Yawancin masana'antun PCB ba su da tsari mai kauri na lokaci ɗaya, kuma aikin kayan aikin bai cika buƙatun ba, wanda ke haifar da rashin amfani da wannan tsari sosai a masana'antar PCB.

2.2 Bayan toshe ramin tare da takardar aluminum, kai tsaye allon-buga abin rufe fuska na allo

Wannan tsari yana amfani da injin hakowa na CNC don fitar da takardar aluminum da ake buƙatar toshe don yin allo, sanya shi akan na'urar buga allo don toshe ramin, sannan a ajiye shi na tsawon mintuna 30 bayan kammala plug ɗin, da yi amfani da allo na 36T don duba saman allon kai tsaye. Gudun tsarin shine: pretreatment-toshe rami-silk allo-pre-baking-exposure-development-curing

Wannan tsari zai iya tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar rami yana da kyau an rufe shi da man fetur, ramin toshe yana da lebur, kuma launin fim ɗin rigar ya dace. Bayan da iska mai zafi da aka baje, zai iya tabbatar da cewa via rami ba a tinned da kwano bead ba a boye a cikin rami, amma yana da sauki sa tawada a cikin rami bayan warkewa Pads haifar da rashin solderability; bayan an daidaita iska mai zafi, ana cire gefuna na vias yana bubbuga da mai. Yana da wuya a sarrafa samarwa tare da wannan hanyar tsari, kuma masu aikin injiniya dole ne su yi amfani da matakai na musamman da sigogi don tabbatar da ingancin ramukan toshe.

2.2 Bayan toshe ramin tare da takardar aluminum, kai tsaye allon-buga abin rufe fuska na allo

Wannan tsari yana amfani da injin hakowa na CNC don fitar da takardar aluminum da ake buƙatar toshe don yin allo, sanya shi akan na'urar buga allo don toshe ramin, sannan a ajiye shi na tsawon mintuna 30 bayan kammala plug ɗin, da yi amfani da allo na 36T don duba saman allon kai tsaye. Gudun tsarin shine: pretreatment-toshe rami-silk allo-pre-baking-exposure-development-curing

Wannan tsari zai iya tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar rami yana da kyau an rufe shi da man fetur, ramin toshe yana da lebur, kuma launin fim ɗin rigar ya dace. Bayan da iska mai zafi da aka baje, zai iya tabbatar da cewa via ramin ba a tinned da kwano bead ba a boye a cikin rami, amma yana da sauki sa tawada a cikin ramin bayan warkewa Pads haifar da rashin solder ikon; bayan an daidaita iska mai zafi, ana cire gefuna na vias yana bubbuga da mai. Yana da wuya a sarrafa samarwa tare da wannan hanyar tsari, kuma masu aikin injiniya dole ne su yi amfani da matakai na musamman da sigogi don tabbatar da ingancin ramukan toshe.