Daga sakamakon gwaje-gwaje na samfurori daban-daban, an gano cewa wannan ESD gwaji ne mai mahimmanci: idan ba a tsara tsarin da'ira ba, lokacin da aka gabatar da wutar lantarki mai mahimmanci, zai sa samfurin ya fadi ko ma lalata kayan. A baya, kawai na lura cewa ESD zai lalata abubuwan da aka gyara, amma ban yi tsammanin biyan isasshen hankali ga samfuran lantarki ba.

ESD shine abin da muke yawan kira Electro-Static fitarwa. Daga ilimin da aka koya, za a iya sanin cewa wutar lantarki a tsaye wani lamari ne na halitta, wanda yawanci ke samuwa ta hanyar tuntuɓar juna, tashe-tashen hankula, shigar da wutar lantarki tsakanin na'urorin lantarki, da dai sauransu. Yana da alaƙa da tarin dogon lokaci da ƙarfin lantarki (zai iya haifar da dubban volts). ko ma dubun-dubatar volts na wutar lantarki a tsaye)), ƙarancin wutar lantarki, ƙarancin halin yanzu da ɗan gajeren lokacin aiki. Don samfuran lantarki, idan ba a tsara ƙirar ESD da kyau ba, aikin na'urorin lantarki da na lantarki galibi ba su da ƙarfi ko ma sun lalace.

Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu lokacin yin gwajin fitarwa na ESD: fitarwar lamba da fitarwar iska.

Fitarwa na lamba shine fitar da kayan aikin da ake gwadawa kai tsaye; Ana kuma kiran fitar da iska mai fitar da kai kai tsaye, wanda ke samuwa ta hanyar haɗa filin maganadisu mai ƙarfi zuwa madaukai na yanzu. Gwajin gwajin don waɗannan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu gabaɗaya 2KV-8KV ne, kuma buƙatun sun bambanta a yankuna daban-daban. Saboda haka, kafin zayyana, dole ne mu fara gano kasuwa don samfurin.

Abubuwan da ke sama sune gwaje-gwaje na asali na samfuran lantarki waɗanda ba za su iya aiki ba saboda wutar lantarki na jikin ɗan adam ko wasu dalilai lokacin da jikin ɗan adam ya haɗu da samfuran lantarki. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna ƙididdiga game da yanayin zafi na wasu yankuna a cikin watanni daban-daban na shekara. Ana iya gani daga adadi cewa Lasvegas yana da ƙarancin zafi a duk shekara. Kayayyakin lantarki a wannan yanki yakamata su ba da kulawa ta musamman ga kariyar ESD.

Yanayin danshi ya bambanta a sassa daban-daban na duniya, amma a lokaci guda a wani yanki, idan yanayin iska ba iri daya ba ne, wutar lantarki da ake samarwa ita ma ta bambanta. Teburin da ke biye shine bayanan da aka tattara, daga abin da za'a iya ganin cewa a tsaye wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa yayin da zafin iska ya ragu. Wannan kuma a kaikaice yana bayyana dalilin da yasa tsattsauran tartsatsin da ke haifarwa lokacin cire rigar a lokacin hunturu na arewa suna da girma sosai. "

Tun da a tsaye wutar lantarki babbar haɗari ce, ta yaya za mu iya kare ta? Lokacin zayyana kariyar lantarki, yawanci muna raba shi zuwa matakai uku: hana cajin waje shiga cikin allon kewayawa kuma haifar da lalacewa; hana filayen maganadisu na waje daga lalata allon kewayawa; hana lalacewa daga filayen lantarki.

A ainihin ƙirar da'ira, za mu yi amfani da ɗaya ko fiye na hanyoyin masu zuwa don kariyar lantarki:

1

Avalanche diodes don kariya ta lantarki
Wannan kuma wata hanya ce da ake yawan amfani da ita wajen ƙira. Hanya ta yau da kullun ita ce haɗa diode mai dusar ƙanƙara zuwa ƙasa a layi daya akan layin siginar maɓalli. Wannan hanyar ita ce a yi amfani da diode na avalanche don amsawa da sauri kuma yana da ikon daidaita matsewar, wanda zai iya cinye ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci don kare allon kewayawa.

2

Yi amfani da capacitors masu ƙarfi don kariyar kewaye
A cikin wannan hanya, yumbu capacitors tare da tsayayyar ƙarfin lantarki na akalla 1.5KV yawanci ana sanya su a cikin haɗin I / O ko matsayi na siginar maɓalli, kuma layin haɗin yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci don rage haɓakar haɗin gwiwa. layi. Idan aka yi amfani da capacitor tare da ƙananan ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin, zai haifar da lalacewa ga capacitor kuma ya rasa kariyarsa.

3

Yi amfani da beads don kariya ta kewaye
Ƙwayoyin ferrite na iya rage ESD halin yanzu da kyau, kuma suna iya kashe radiation. Lokacin fuskantar matsaloli biyu, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa zaɓi ne mai kyau sosai.

4

Hanyar tazara
Ana ganin wannan hanyar a cikin wani abu. Hanya ta musamman ita ce a yi amfani da jan ƙarfe na triangular tare da tukwici masu daidaitawa da juna akan layin layin microstrip wanda ya ƙunshi jan ƙarfe. Ɗayan ƙarshen jan ƙarfe na triangular yana haɗe da layin sigina, ɗayan kuma jan ƙarfe triangular. Haɗa zuwa ƙasa. Lokacin da wutar lantarki ta tsaya, zai haifar da fitarwa mai kaifi kuma yana cinye makamashin lantarki.

5

Yi amfani da hanyar tace LC don kare kewaye
Tacewar da ke kunshe da LC na iya rage tasirin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi daga shiga kewaye. Halayen inductive reactance na inductor yana da kyau a hana babban mitar ESD daga shiga da'ira, yayin da capacitor yana rufe babban ƙarfin mitar ESD zuwa ƙasa. A lokaci guda, wannan nau'in tacewa kuma yana iya daidaita gefen siginar kuma ya rage tasirin RF, kuma an ƙara inganta aikin dangane da amincin siginar.

6

Multilayer allon don kariya ta ESD
Lokacin da kuɗi ya ba da izini, zabar allon multilayer shima hanya ce mai inganci don hana ESD. A cikin allon Multi-Layer, saboda akwai cikakken jirgin saman ƙasa kusa da alamar, wannan na iya sa ma'auratan ESD zuwa ƙananan jirgin sama da sauri, sa'an nan kuma kare aikin sigina masu mahimmanci.

7

Hanyar barin makada mai kariya a gefen dokar kariyar hukumar da'ira
Wannan hanya yawanci shine don zana burbushi kewaye da allon kewayawa ba tare da Layer walda ba. Lokacin da yanayi ya ba da izini, haɗa alamar zuwa gidan. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a lura cewa alamar ba za ta iya samar da rufaffiyar madauki ba, don kada ya samar da eriyar madauki kuma ya haifar da matsala mafi girma.

8

Yi amfani da na'urorin CMOS ko na'urorin TTL tare da diode masu matsawa don kariyar kewaye
Wannan hanyar tana amfani da ka'idar keɓewa don kare allon kewayawa. Saboda ana kiyaye waɗannan na'urori ta hanyar clamping diodes, rikitaccen ƙira yana raguwa a ainihin ƙirar kewaye.

9

Yi amfani da capacitors decoupling
Waɗannan capacitors masu haɗawa dole ne su sami ƙarancin ƙimar ESL da ESR. Don ƙananan mitar ESD, masu haɓakawa na decoupling suna rage yankin madauki. Saboda tasirin ESL ɗin sa, aikin electrolyte ya raunana, wanda zai iya tace makamashi mai girma. .

A takaice, ko da yake ESD yana da muni kuma yana iya haifar da mummunan sakamako, amma ta hanyar kare wutar lantarki da layukan sigina a kan kewaye zai iya hana ESD halin yanzu shiga cikin PCB. A cikin su, maigidana yakan ce "Kyakkyawan shimfidar allo shine sarki". Ina fata wannan jumla kuma zata iya kawo muku illar karya hasken sararin sama.