Akwai manyan hanyoyin lantarki guda huɗu a cikin allunan da'ira: electroplating-jere-yatsa, electroplating ta ramuka, plating mai alaƙa da reel, da plating ɗin goge baki.

Ga taƙaitaccen gabatarwa:

01
Sanya layin yatsa
Karafa da ba safai ba suna buƙatar a sanya su a kan masu haɗin gefen allo, gefen allo masu fitowa da lambobi ko yatsun zinariya don samar da ƙarancin juriya da juriya mafi girma. Ana kiran wannan fasaha ta layin yatsa electroplating ko protruding part electroplating. Yawancin lokaci ana lullube zinare akan lambobi masu fitowa na mahaɗin gefen allo tare da Layer plating na ciki na nickel. Yatsun zinari ko sassan da ke fitowa na gefen allo ana yin su da hannu ko kuma an yi musu ta atomatik. A halin yanzu, platin gwal a kan filogi ko yatsan zinare an yi masa fenti ko jagora. , Maimakon maɓallan da aka ɗora.

Tsarin jeren yatsa electroplating shine kamar haka:

Cire abin rufe fuska don cire kwano ko murfin dalma a kan lambobi masu fitowa
Kurkura da ruwan wanka
Goge tare da abrasive
Ana bazuwar kunnawa a cikin 10% sulfuric acid
Kauri na nickel plating a kan protruding lambobin sadarwa ne 4-5μm
Tsaftace da lalata ruwa
Maganin shigar zinari
Girgiza
Tsaftacewa
bushewa

02
Ta hanyar rami rami
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don gina wani Layer na electroplating Layer a kan ramin bango na substrate hazo rami. Wannan ana kiransa kunna bangon rami a aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Tsarin samar da kasuwanci na da'irar da aka buga yana buƙatar tankunan ajiya masu yawa. Tankin yana da nasa kulawa da bukatun kulawa. Ta hanyar sanya rami wani tsari ne mai mahimmanci na bin tsarin hakowa. Lokacin da ɗigon rawar soja ya yi ta cikin foil ɗin tagulla da abin da ke ƙarƙashinsa, zafin da aka haifar yana narkar da resin roba mai rufewa wanda ya ƙunshi mafi yawan matrix substrate, narkakkar guduro da sauran tarkacen hakowa Ana tattarawa a kusa da ramin kuma an lulluɓe shi akan sabon ramin da aka fallasa. bango a cikin jakar tagulla. A gaskiya ma, wannan yana da illa ga saman electroplating na gaba. Narkakken guduro kuma zai bar wani yanki na ramin zafi akan bangon rami na ma'auni, wanda ke nuna ƙarancin mannewa ga yawancin masu kunnawa. Wannan yana buƙatar haɓaka nau'ikan fasahohin sinadarai iri ɗaya na de-staining da etch-back.

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don yin kwatancen allunan da'ira ita ce yin amfani da tawada mai ƙarancin danko na musamman da aka ƙera don samar da fim mai mannewa sosai kuma mai ɗaukar nauyi akan bangon ciki na kowane ta rami. Ta wannan hanyar, babu buƙatar yin amfani da hanyoyin sarrafa sinadarai da yawa, kawai mataki ɗaya na aikace-aikacen da kuma maganin zafin jiki na gaba zai iya samar da fim mai ci gaba a cikin duk ganuwar ramin, wanda za'a iya kunna wutar lantarki kai tsaye ba tare da ƙarin magani ba. Wannan tawada wani abu ne mai tushen guduro wanda ke da mannewa mai ƙarfi kuma ana iya manne shi cikin sauƙi ga bangon mafi yawan ramukan da aka goge da zafi, don haka yana kawar da matakin ƙashin baya.

03
Nau'in haɗin gwiwar Reel zaɓaɓɓen plating
Fil da fitilun kayan aikin lantarki, kamar masu haɗin kai, haɗaɗɗun da'irori, transistor da da'irori masu sassauƙa, suna amfani da plating ɗin zaɓi don samun kyakkyawan juriyar lamba da juriyar lalata. Wannan hanyar lantarki na iya zama da hannu ko ta atomatik. Yana da tsada sosai don zaɓar farantin kowane fil daban-daban, don haka dole ne a yi amfani da batch waldi. Yawancin lokaci, ana buga ƙarshen bangon ƙarfe biyu na foil ɗin da aka yi birgima zuwa kaurin da ake buƙata, ana tsabtace su ta hanyar sinadarai ko injiniyoyi, sannan a zaɓa su yi amfani da su kamar nickel, zinariya, azurfa, rhodium, maɓalli ko tin-nickel gami, gami da jan ƙarfe-nickel gami. , Nickel-lead gami, da dai sauransu don ci gaba da sarrafa wutar lantarki. A cikin hanyar electroplating na zaɓin plating, da farko a sanya wani Layer na fim ɗin tsayayya a ɓangaren allon ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda baya buƙatar lantarki, da kuma yin amfani da lantarki kawai akan ɓangaren bangon jan ƙarfe da aka zaɓa.

04
Goge plating
"Brush plating" wata dabara ce ta electrodeposition, wadda ba dukkan sassan da ke nutsewa a cikin electrolyte ba. A irin wannan nau'in fasaha na lantarki, yanki mai iyaka ne kawai ake amfani da shi, kuma babu wani tasiri akan sauran. Yawancin lokaci, karafa da ba kasafai ake yi ba akan zaɓaɓɓun sassa na allon da'irar da aka buga, kamar wurare kamar masu haɗa gefen allo. Ana ƙara yin amfani da goge goge yayin gyaran allunan da'ira da aka jefar a cikin shagunan haɗaɗɗiyar lantarki. Kunna wani anode na musamman (annode maras amfani, kamar graphite) a cikin wani abu mai ɗaukar hankali (auduga swab), kuma amfani dashi don kawo maganin lantarki zuwa wurin da ake buƙatar electroplating.

5. Wayoyin hannu da sarrafa siginar maɓalli

Wayoyin hannu wani muhimmin tsari ne na zanen allon da'ira a yanzu da kuma nan gaba. Yin amfani da wayar hannu yana taimakawa kayan aikin wiwi ta atomatik don kammala aikin wayoyi. Ta hanyar turawa da hannu da gyara hanyar sadarwar da aka zaɓa (net), ana iya samar da hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita ta atomatik.

Ana fara kunna siginonin maɓalli, ko dai da hannu ko a haɗe su da kayan aikin waya ta atomatik. Bayan an gama wayoyi, injiniyoyi masu dacewa da ma'aikatan fasaha za su duba siginar siginar. Bayan an gama binciken, za a gyara wayoyi, sannan sauran sigina za a yi ta atomatik. Saboda kasancewar impedance a cikin waya ta ƙasa, zai kawo tsangwama na gama gari zuwa kewaye.

Don haka, kar a haɗa kowane maki tare da alamun ƙasa ba da gangan ba yayin wayoyi, wanda zai iya haifar da haɗakarwa mai cutarwa kuma ya shafi aikin da'ira. A mafi girma mitoci, inductance na waya zai kasance da yawa umarni na girma fiye da juriya na waya kanta. A wannan lokacin, ko da ƙaramin ƙararraki mai ƙarfi ne kawai ke gudana ta cikin wayar, wani faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi zai faru.

Don haka, don manyan da'irori masu girma, ya kamata a tsara shimfidar PCB da ɗanɗano kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma wayoyi da aka buga su zama gajere gwargwadon yiwu. Akwai inductance na juna da ƙarfin aiki tsakanin wayoyi da aka buga. Lokacin da mitar aiki ya yi girma, zai haifar da tsangwama ga wasu sassa, wanda ake kira tsoma baki na parasitic coupling.

Hanyoyin da za a iya ɗauka sune:
① Gwada rage siginar wayoyi tsakanin duk matakan;
② Shirya duk matakan da'irori a cikin tsari na sigina don guje wa ketare kowane matakin layin sigina;
③Wayoyi na bangarori guda biyu da ke kusa da su ya kamata su kasance a kai tsaye ko ƙetare, ba daidai ba;
④ Lokacin da za a sanya wayoyi na sigina a layi daya a cikin allo, ya kamata a raba waɗannan wayoyi ta wani tazara kamar yadda zai yiwu, ko kuma a raba su ta hanyar wayoyi na ƙasa da na'urorin wuta don cimma manufar garkuwa.
6. Waya ta atomatik

Don yin amfani da siginar maɓalli, kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da sarrafa wasu sigogi na lantarki yayin yin wayoyi, kamar rage rarrabawar inductance, da sauransu. Za a iya samun wayoyi ta atomatik zuwa wani takamaiman iyaka. Ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya lokacin da ake tura sigina ta atomatik.

Ta hanyar saita yanayin ƙuntatawa da hana wuraren wayoyi don iyakance yadudduka da siginar da aka bayar ke amfani da shi da adadin vias ɗin da aka yi amfani da su, kayan aikin wayar na iya tafiyar da wayoyi ta atomatik bisa ga ra'ayoyin ƙirar injiniyan. Bayan saita ƙuntatawa da kuma amfani da ƙa'idodin da aka ƙirƙira, zazzagewar atomatik zai sami sakamako kama da sakamakon da ake tsammani. Bayan an kammala wani ɓangare na ƙira, za a gyara shi don hana shi tasiri ta hanyar hanya ta gaba.

Adadin wayoyi ya dogara da sarƙaƙƙiyar da'irar da adadin ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya da aka ayyana. Kayan aikin waya ta atomatik na yau suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma yawanci suna iya kammala 100% na wayoyi. Koyaya, lokacin da kayan aikin wayoyi ta atomatik bai kammala duk siginar siginar ba, ya zama dole a bi da sauran sigina da hannu.
7. Tsarin waya

Ga wasu sigina masu ƴan takurawa, tsawon wayoyi yana da tsayi sosai. A wannan lokacin, za ku iya fara tantance waɗancan wayoyi masu dacewa da waɗanda ba su da ma'ana, sannan ku gyara da hannu don rage tsawon siginar da rage adadin ta hanyar.