Lokacin da akwai buƙatar maye gurbin IC a cikin ƙirar da'irar PCB, bari mu raba wasu shawarwari lokacin maye gurbin IC don taimakawa masu zanen kaya su zama mafi kamala a ƙirar kewayen PCB.
1. Sauya kai tsaye
Sauya kai tsaye yana nufin maye gurbin IC na asali kai tsaye tare da wasu ICs ba tare da wani gyara ba, kuma babban aikin da alamun injin ba zai shafa bayan maye gurbin ba.
Ƙa'idar maye gurbin ita ce: aikin, fihirisar aiki, nau'in fakiti, amfani da fil, lambar fil da tazara na maye gurbin IC iri ɗaya ne.Irin wannan aikin na IC ba kawai yana nufin aiki iri ɗaya ba ne, amma har ma da ma'ana guda ɗaya, wato, matakin fitarwa da matakin shigarwa, ƙarfin lantarki, da girma na yanzu dole ne su kasance iri ɗaya.Manufofin ayyuka suna komawa zuwa manyan sigogin lantarki na IC (ko babban madaidaicin sifa), matsakaicin ƙarancin wutar lantarki, matsakaicin ƙarfin aiki, kewayon mitar, da nau'ikan shigarwar sigina da sigogin impedance na fitarwa waɗanda suke kama da na ainihin IC.Masu maye gurbin da ƙananan iko ya kamata su kara yawan zafin jiki.
01
Sauya nau'in IC iri ɗaya
Sauyawa nau'in nau'in IC iri ɗaya ne gabaɗaya abin dogaro.Lokacin shigar da haɗaɗɗen da'irar PCB, yi hankali kada ku yi kuskure a cikin jagorar, in ba haka ba, haɗin haɗin PCB na iya ƙonewa lokacin da aka kunna wuta.Wasu ICs amplifier na cikin-layi guda ɗaya suna da samfuri iri ɗaya, aiki, da halaye iri ɗaya, amma alkiblar tsarin tsarin fil ɗin ya bambanta.Misali, ICLA4507 amplifier na tashar tashoshi biyu yana da fitilun “tabbatacce” da “mara kyau”, kuma alamomin fil na farko (dige-dige masu launi ko ramuka) suna cikin kwatance daban-daban: babu ƙari kuma ƙarar ita ce “R”, IC, da dai sauransu, misali M5115P da M5115RP.
02
Sauya ICs tare da harafin prefix iri ɗaya da lambobi daban-daban
Matukar nau'in fil ɗin wannan nau'in maye ya kasance daidai, da'irar PCB na ciki da sigogin lantarki sun ɗan bambanta, kuma ana iya musanya su kai tsaye da juna.Misali: ICLA1363 da LA1365 ana saka su a cikin sautin, na karshen yana kara Zener diode cikin IC pin 5 fiye da na baya, sauran kuma daidai suke.
Gabaɗaya, harafin prefix yana nuna ƙera da nau'in da'irar PCB.Lambobin bayan harafin prefix iri ɗaya ne, kuma yawancinsu ana iya musanya su kai tsaye.Amma akwai kuma wasu lokuta na musamman.Ko da yake lambobi ɗaya ne, ayyukan sun bambanta.Misali, HA1364 sauti ne na IC, kuma uPC1364 IC ne mai canza launi;lambar ita ce 4558, 8-pin shine amplifier mai aiki NJM4558, kuma 14-pin shine CD4558 na dijital PCB kewaye;don haka, ba za a iya maye gurbin su biyu ba kwata-kwata.Don haka dole ne mu kalli aikin fil.
Wasu masana'antun suna gabatar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na IC da ba a kunshe da su ba kuma suna sarrafa su zuwa samfuran da aka yiwa suna bayan masana'anta, da wasu ingantattun samfuran don haɓaka wasu sigogi.Ana kiran waɗannan samfuran sau da yawa tare da ƙira daban-daban ko an bambanta su ta hanyar kari na ƙira.Misali, ana iya maye gurbin AN380 da uPC1380 kai tsaye, kuma ana iya maye gurbin AN5620, TEA5620, DG5620, da sauransu kai tsaye.
2. Sauya kai tsaye
Sauya kai tsaye yana nufin hanyar da IC ɗin da ba za a iya musanya shi kai tsaye hanya ce ta ɗan gyaggyara da'irar PCB na gefe, canza tsarin fil na asali ko ƙara ko cire abubuwan haɗin kai, da sauransu, don mai da shi IC mai maye gurbinsa.
Ka'idar maye gurbin: IC da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin maye gurbin zai iya bambanta da ainihin IC tare da ayyuka daban-daban na fil da kuma bayyanar daban-daban, amma ayyukan ya kamata su kasance iri ɗaya kuma halayen ya kamata su kasance daidai;bai kamata a shafi aikin na'ura na asali ba bayan maye gurbin.
01
Sauya fakitin ICs daban-daban
Don guntuwar IC iri ɗaya, amma tare da nau'ikan fakiti daban-daban, fil ɗin sabuwar na'urar kawai suna buƙatar sake fasalin su daidai da tsari da tsari na fil ɗin na'urar ta asali.Misali, AFTPCB kewaye CA3064 da CA3064E, tsohon kunshin madauwari ne tare da radial fil: na karshen shine kunshin filastik in-line dual, halayen ciki na biyu daidai suke, kuma ana iya haɗa su bisa ga aikin fil.Dual-jere ICAN7114, AN7115 da LA4100, LA4102 ainihin iri ɗaya ne a cikin nau'in fakitin, kuma gubar da ruwan zafi suna daidai da digiri 180.An ambata AN5620 dual in-line 16-pin kunshin tare da nutse mai zafi da TEA5620 dual in-line 18-pin kunshin.Fil 9 da 10 suna gefen dama na haɗaɗɗen da'irar PCB, wanda yayi daidai da magudanar zafi na AN5620.Sauran fil na biyu an jera su ta hanya ɗaya.Haɗa fil na 9 da na 10 zuwa ƙasa don amfani.
02
Ayyukan da'ira na PCB iri ɗaya ne amma ayyukan fil na mutum ɗaya daban ne na lC
Ana iya yin maye gurbin bisa ga takamaiman sigogi da umarnin kowane nau'in IC.Misali, fitowar siginar AGC da bidiyo a cikin TV suna da bambanci tsakanin polarity mai kyau da mara kyau, idan dai an haɗa inverter zuwa tashar fitarwa, ana iya maye gurbinsa.
03
Sauya ICs tare da filastik iri ɗaya amma ayyukan fil daban-daban
Irin wannan musanya yana buƙatar canza tsarin da'ira na PCB da tsarin fil, wanda ke buƙatar takamaiman ilimin ƙa'idar, cikakken bayani, da ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa mai amfani.
04
Kada a kafa wasu ƙafafu marasa komai ba tare da izini ba
Wasu fitilun gubar a cikin da'irar PCB na ciki da na aikace-aikacen PCB ba su da alama.Lokacin da babu komai a ciki, bai kamata a kwance su ba tare da izini ba.Waɗannan fil ɗin gubar na musanya ne ko masu gyara, wani lokacin kuma ana amfani da su azaman haɗin ciki.
05
Sauya haɗuwa
Maye gurbin haɗin kai shine sake haɗa sassan da'ira na PCB marasa lahani na ICs masu yawa na samfuri ɗaya zuwa cikakkiyar IC don maye gurbin IC mara kyau.Yana aiki sosai lokacin da ainihin IC ba ya samuwa.Amma ana buƙatar kyakkyawan da'irar PCB a cikin IC da aka yi amfani da shi dole ne ya kasance yana da fil ɗin dubawa.
Makullin musanya kai tsaye shine gano ainihin ma'aunin lantarki na IC guda biyu waɗanda aka maye gurbinsu da juna, da'irar PCB ta ciki, aikin kowane fil, da alaƙar haɗin kai tsakanin abubuwan da ke cikin IC.Yi hankali a ainihin aiki.
(1) Kada a haɗa jerin lambobi na haɗaɗɗen fil ɗin da'ira na PCB ba daidai ba;
(2) Domin daidaitawa da halayen IC da aka maye gurbinsu, abubuwan da ke cikin kewayen PCB na kewaye da su ya kamata a canza su daidai;
(3) Wutar lantarki ya kamata ya kasance daidai da maye gurbin IC.Idan ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin mahaɗin PCB na asali yana da girma, gwada rage ƙarfin lantarki;idan ƙarfin lantarki yana da ƙasa, ya dogara da ko maye gurbin IC zai iya aiki;
(4) Bayan maye gurbin, ya kamata a auna aikin halin yanzu na IC.Idan halin yanzu ya fi girma fiye da ƙimar al'ada, yana nufin cewa da'irar PCB na iya zama mai jin daɗi.A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar ƙaddamarwa da daidaitawa.Idan riba ta bambanta da asali, ana iya daidaita juriya na ra'ayi mai amsawa;
(5) Bayan maye gurbin, shigarwar shigarwa da fitarwa na IC dole ne ya dace da da'irar PCB na asali;duba iya tafiyarsa;
(6) Yi cikakken amfani da ramukan fil da jagora akan allon da'irar PCB na asali lokacin yin canje-canje, kuma jagorar waje yakamata su kasance masu kyau kuma su guji ƙetare gaba da baya, ta yadda za a bincika da hana da'irar PCB daga haɓakar kai. musamman don hana girman kai-tsaye;
(7) Zai fi dacewa a haɗa mita na yanzu na DC a jere a cikin madauki na Vcc na samar da wutar lantarki kafin kunna wutar lantarki, kuma duba ko canjin jimillar na'urar PCB mai haɗawa ta al'ada ce daga babba zuwa ƙarami.
06
Sauya IC tare da abubuwan da suka dace
A wasu lokuta ana iya amfani da abubuwan da suka dace don maye gurbin ɓangaren da ya lalace na IC don dawo da aikinsa.Kafin maye gurbin, ya kamata ku fahimci ka'idodin aikin ciki na IC, ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun na kowane fil, zane na waveform da ka'idar aiki na da'irar PCB tare da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.Hakanan la'akari:
(1) Ko za a iya fitar da siginar daga aikin C kuma a haɗa shi zuwa tashar shigarwa na kewayen PCB:
(2) Ko ana iya haɗa siginar da kewayen PCB na gefe zuwa mataki na gaba a cikin haɗaɗɗiyar da'irar PCB don sake sarrafawa (daidaita siginar yayin haɗin kai bai kamata ya shafi manyan sigoginsa da aikin sa ba).Idan matsakaicin amplifier IC ya lalace, daga aikace-aikacen PCB da'irar da da'irar PCB na ciki, ya ƙunshi ƙarar matsakaita mai jiwuwa, wariyar mitar da haɓaka mitar.Ana iya amfani da hanyar shigar da sigina don nemo ɓangaren da ya lalace.Idan ɓangaren ƙarawa mai jiwuwa ya lalace, ana iya amfani da ɓangarorin madaidaicin maimakon.