Yadda ake fahimtar zane-zanen wayoyi? Da farko, bari mu fara fahimtar halaye na zane-zane na aikace-aikacen:

① Yawancin da'irori na aikace-aikacen ba sa zana zane-zanen da'ira na ciki, wanda ba shi da kyau don gane zane, musamman ga masu farawa don nazarin aikin da'ira.

②Don masu farawa, yana da wahala a bincika da'irorin aikace-aikacen na haɗaɗɗun da'irori fiye da yin nazarin da'irar abubuwan da aka tsara. Wannan shine asalin rashin fahimtar da'irori na ciki na hadedde da'irori. A gaskiya ma, yana da kyau a karanta zane ko gyara shi. Ya fi dacewa fiye da da'irorin sassa masu hankali.

③Don haɗaɗɗun aikace-aikacen da'irori, ya fi dacewa don karanta zanen lokacin da kuke da cikakkiyar fahimta game da da'irar ciki na haɗaɗɗiyar da'irar da aikin kowane fil. Wannan saboda nau'ikan da'irori masu haɗaka iri ɗaya suna da na yau da kullun. Bayan ƙware abubuwan gama gari, yana da sauƙi a bincika da'irorin aikace-aikacen da'ira da yawa tare da aiki iri ɗaya da nau'ikan daban-daban. Hanyoyi da matakan kariya na hanyoyin gano zane-zane na aikace-aikacen IC da kuma taka tsantsan don nazarin hadedde da'irori galibi sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:
(1) Fahimtar aikin kowane fil shine mabuɗin gano hoton. Don fahimtar aikin kowane fil, da fatan za a koma zuwa jagorar aikace-aikacen da'irar da ta dace. Bayan sanin aikin kowane fil, yana da dacewa don nazarin ka'idar aiki na kowane fil da aikin abubuwan da aka gyara. Misali: Sanin cewa fil ① shine abin shigarwa, sannan capacitor da aka haɗa shi da jerin gwano tare da fil ① shine na'ura mai haɗawa da shigarwa, kuma da'irar da aka haɗa da fil ① ita ce hanyar shigarwa.

(2) Hanyoyi uku don fahimtar rawar kowane fil na da'irar da aka haɗa Akwai hanyoyi guda uku don fahimtar aikin kowane fil na da'ira mai haɗawa: ɗaya shine tuntuɓar bayanan da suka dace; ɗayan kuma shine yin nazarin zane-zanen da'irar da'ira na ciki na haɗaɗɗun da'ira; na uku shi ne yin nazarin da'irar aikace-aikacen da'irar hadedde Ana nazarin halayen kewaye na kowane fil. Hanya ta uku tana buƙatar ingantaccen tsarin bincike na kewaye.

(3) Matakan binciken da'ira Haɗe-haɗen aikace-aikacen bincike da'ira matakan bincike sune kamar haka:
① Binciken kewaya DC. Wannan matakin shine akasari don nazarin da'irar waje da wuta da fitilun ƙasa. Lura: Lokacin da akwai fil ɗin samar da wutar lantarki da yawa, ya zama dole a bambance alaƙar da ke tsakanin waɗannan kayan wutan, kamar ko shine fil ɗin samar da wutar lantarki na pre-stage da post-stege circuit, ko kuma fil ɗin samar da wutar lantarki na hagu. da tashoshin dama; don saukowa da yawa Hakanan ya kamata a raba fil ta wannan hanyar. Yana da amfani don gyarawa don bambanta fitilun wuta da yawa da filaye na ƙasa.

② Binciken watsa sigina. Wannan matakin ya fi nazartar da'irar waje na fil ɗin shigar da sigina da fitilun fitarwa. Lokacin da haɗaɗɗiyar da'irar tana da nau'ikan shigarwa da fitilun fitarwa, wajibi ne a gano ko fil ɗin fitarwa ne na matakin gaba ko zagaye na baya; don da'irar tashoshi biyu, bambance shigarwa da fitilun tashoshi na hagu da dama.

③ Analysis of circuits a wajen sauran fil. Alal misali, don gano maƙallan ra'ayi mara kyau, fitilun damping na vibration, da dai sauransu, nazarin wannan mataki shine mafi wahala. Don masu farawa, wajibi ne a dogara da bayanan aikin fil ko zanen toshewar da'ira na ciki.

④ Bayan samun takamaiman ikon gane hotuna, koyi taƙaita ƙa'idodin da'irori a waje da fil ɗin haɗaɗɗun da'irori daban-daban, kuma ku mallaki wannan doka, wacce ke da amfani don haɓaka saurin gane hotuna. Misali, ka'idar da'irar waje na fil ɗin shigarwa ita ce: haɗa zuwa tashar fitarwa ta da'irar da ta gabata ta hanyar ma'auni mai haɗawa ko haɗin haɗin gwiwa; ka'idar da'irar waje na fil ɗin fitarwa shine: haɗa zuwa tashar shigarwar da'ira ta gaba ta hanyar haɗin haɗin gwiwa.

⑤Lokacin yin nazarin haɓaka siginar siginar da aiwatar da tsarin sarrafawa na cikin da'irar haɗin gwiwar, yana da kyau a tuntuɓi zane-zane na toshe na ciki na haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin nazarin zanen toshewar da'ira na ciki, zaku iya amfani da alamar kibiya a cikin layin watsa siginar don sanin wace da'irar siginar aka ƙara ko sarrafa shi, kuma siginar ƙarshe yana fitowa daga wane fil.

⑥ Sanin wasu mahimman wuraren gwajin da fil ɗin ka'idojin wutar lantarki na DC na haɗaɗɗun da'irori yana da matukar amfani don kiyaye kewaye. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC a fitarwa na OTL yana daidai da rabin ƙarfin aiki na DC na haɗin haɗin gwiwar; ƙarfin lantarki na DC a fitarwa na kewayen OCL daidai yake da 0V; Wutar wutar lantarki ta DC a ƙarshen fitarwa guda biyu na da'irar BTL daidai suke, kuma tana daidai da rabin ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki na DC lokacin da wutar lantarki ɗaya ke aiki. Lokaci yayi daidai da 0V. Lokacin da aka haɗa resistor tsakanin fil biyu na haɗaɗɗiyar da'ira, resistor zai yi tasiri ga ƙarfin DC akan waɗannan fil biyu; lokacin da aka haɗa coil tsakanin fil biyun, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC na fil biyu daidai yake. Lokacin da lokaci bai yi daidai ba, dole ne a buɗe nada; lokacin da aka haɗa capacitor tsakanin fil biyu ko jerin da'irar RC, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC na fil biyun ba shakka ba zai daidaita ba. Idan sun kasance daidai, capacitor ya rushe.

⑦A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, kar a bincika ka'idodin aiki na cikin da'irar haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa, wanda yake da rikitarwa.