Sau da yawa muna kwatanta oscillator crystal zuwa zuciyar da'irar dijital, saboda duk aikin da'irar dijital ba ta rabu da siginar agogo, kuma oscillator crystal yana sarrafa dukkan tsarin kai tsaye. Idan kristal oscillator bai yi aiki ba, tsarin gaba ɗaya zai zama gurgu, don haka oscillator crystal shine abin da ake buƙata don da'irar dijital don fara aiki.
The crystal oscillator, kamar yadda muka saba faɗa, shi ne ma'adini crystal oscillator da ma'adini crystal resonator. Dukkansu an yi su ne da tasirin piezoelectric na lu'ulu'u na quartz. Aiwatar da filin lantarki zuwa na'urorin lantarki guda biyu na kristal na ma'adini yana haifar da nakasawa na inji na crystal, yayin da yin amfani da matsi na inji zuwa bangarorin biyu yana haifar da filin lantarki a cikin crystal. Kuma duka waɗannan al'amura biyu suna sake komawa. Yin amfani da wannan kadara, ana amfani da madaurin wutar lantarki zuwa ɓangarorin biyu na crystal kuma wafer yana girgiza da injina, da kuma samar da madayan wutar lantarki. Irin wannan nau'in girgiza da filin lantarki gabaɗaya ƙanana ne, amma a wani takamaiman mita, amplitude zai ƙaru sosai, wanda shine resonance na piezoelectric, kama da resonance na LC madauki da muke yawan gani.
A matsayin zuciyar da'irar dijital, ta yaya crystal oscillator ke taka rawa a cikin samfuran wayo? Smart home kamar kwandishan, labule, tsaro, saka idanu da sauran kayayyakin, duk suna bukatar mara igiyar waya module watsa, su ta hanyar Bluetooth, WIFI ko ZIGBEE yarjejeniya, da module daga wannan karshen zuwa wancan karshen, ko kuma kai tsaye ta hanyar wayar hannu iko iko, da kuma. na'urar mara waya ita ce ginshiƙi mai mahimmanci, yana shafar kwanciyar hankali na dukan tsarin, don haka zaɓi tsarin don amfani da oscillator crystal. Yana ƙayyade nasara ko gazawar da'irori na dijital.
Saboda mahimmancin oscillator crystal a cikin da'irar dijital, muna buƙatar yin hankali yayin amfani da ƙira:
1. Akwai lu'ulu'u na quartz a cikin oscillator na crystal, wanda ke da sauƙi don haifar da fashewar kristal quartz da lalacewa lokacin da ya yi tasiri ko ya sauke ta waje, sa'an nan kuma ba za a iya girgiza oscillator crystal ba. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a yi la'akari da ingantaccen shigarwa na oscillator crystal a cikin zane na kewayawa, kuma matsayinsa bai kamata ya kasance kusa da gefen farantin karfe da harsashi na kayan aiki ba har ya yiwu.
2. Kula da zafin walda lokacin walda da hannu ko na'ura. Crystal vibration yana kula da zafin jiki, zafin walda bai kamata ya yi girma ba, kuma lokacin dumama ya kamata ya zama ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Madaidaicin shimfidar oscillator crystal na iya murkushe tsangwama na radiation na tsarin.
1. Bayanin matsala
Samfurin kyamarar filin ce, wacce ta ƙunshi sassa biyar a ciki: allon sarrafawa, allon firikwensin, kyamara, katin ƙwaƙwalwar SD da baturi. Harsashi harsashi ne na filastik, kuma ƙaramin allon yana da musaya guda biyu kawai: DC5V na waje da ke dubawa da kebul don watsa bayanai. Bayan gwajin radiation, an gano cewa akwai kusan 33MHz na hayaniyar amo da matsala.
Asalin bayanan gwajin sune kamar haka:
2. Bincika matsalar
Wannan tsarin harsashi samfurin harsashi na filastik, kayan da ba na kariya ba, duk gwajin igiyar wutar lantarki kawai da kebul na USB daga cikin harsashi, shin igiyar wutar lantarki da kebul na USB ke haskaka wurin mitar kutse? Don haka, ana ɗaukar matakai masu zuwa don gwadawa:
(1) Ƙara zoben maganadisu kawai akan igiyar wutar lantarki, sakamakon gwajin: haɓakawa ba a bayyane yake ba;
(2) Ƙara zoben maganadisu kawai akan kebul na USB, sakamakon gwaji: haɓakawa har yanzu bai fito fili ba;
(3) Ƙara zoben maganadisu zuwa kebul na USB da igiyar wutar lantarki, sakamakon gwaji: haɓakawa a bayyane yake, yawan tsangwama ya ragu.
Ana iya gani daga abubuwan da ke sama cewa ana fitar da wuraren tsangwama daga ma'auni guda biyu, wanda ba shine matsalar wutar lantarki ko kebul na USB ba, amma ma'auni na tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin ciki tare da mahaɗa biyu. Garkuwa guda ɗaya kawai ba zai iya magance matsalar ba.
Ta hanyar ma'aunin filin kusa, an gano cewa oscillator kristal 32.768KHz daga babban kwamiti na sarrafawa yana haifar da hasken sararin samaniya mai ƙarfi, wanda ke sanya kebul na kewaye da GND haɗe da 32.768KHz amo mai jituwa, wanda aka haɗa kuma yana haskakawa ta hanyar kebul na USB da ke dubawa igiyar wutar lantarki. Matsalolin oscillator na crystal suna haifar da matsaloli biyu masu zuwa:
(1) Girgizawar lu'ulu'u ya yi kusa da gefen farantin, wanda ke da sauƙin kai ga ƙarar girgizar girgizar kristal.
(2) Akwai layin sigina a ƙarƙashin oscillator crystal, wanda ke da sauƙin kai ga amo mai jituwa na layin siginar haɗaɗɗen crystal oscillator.
(3) Ana sanya nau'in tacewa a ƙarƙashin kristal oscillator, kuma ba a shirya capacitor na tacewa da juriya mai dacewa bisa ga siginar sigina, wanda ke sa tasirin tacewa ya fi muni.
3, mafita
Bisa ga binciken, ana samun matakan da za a iya magance su:
(1) Ƙarfin tacewa da juriya mai dacewa na kristal kusa da guntu na CPU an fifita su daga gefen allon;
(2) Ka tuna kada ka shimfiɗa ƙasa a cikin wurin sanya kristal da yankin tsinkaya a ƙasa;
(3) Ana shirya ƙarfin tacewa da juriya mai dacewa na kristal bisa ga siginar siginar, kuma an sanya su da kyau kuma a kusa da crystal;
(4) An sanya crystal a kusa da guntu, kuma layin tsakanin su biyu yana da gajere kuma madaidaiciya kamar yadda zai yiwu.
4. Kammalawa
A zamanin yau da yawa tsarin kristal oscillator mitar agogo yana da girma, tsangwama masu jituwa makamashi yana da ƙarfi; Abubuwan jituwa ba wai kawai ana watsa su daga layin shigarwa da fitarwa ba, har ma suna haskakawa daga sararin samaniya. Idan shimfidar wuri ba ta dace ba, yana da sauƙi don haifar da matsala mai ƙarfi amo, kuma yana da wuya a warware ta wasu hanyoyi. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci ga shimfidar oscillator crystal da layin siginar CLK a cikin shimfidar hukumar PCB.
Bayanan kula akan ƙirar PCB na oscillator crystal
(1) Capacitor mai haɗawa yakamata ya kasance kusa da fil ɗin samar da wutar lantarki na oscillator kamar yadda zai yiwu. Ya kamata a sanya matsayi a cikin tsari: bisa ga jagorancin shigar da wutar lantarki, ya kamata a sanya capacitor tare da mafi ƙarancin iyawa daga mafi girma zuwa ƙarami.
(2) Harsashi na oscillator crystal dole ne ya zama ƙasa, wanda zai iya haskaka oscillator na crystal a waje, kuma yana iya kare tsoma bakin siginoni na waje akan oscillator crystal.
(3) Kada a yi waya a ƙarƙashin oscillator don tabbatar da cewa an rufe ƙasa gaba ɗaya. A lokaci guda, kar a yi waya tsakanin mil 300 na oscillator crystal, don hana oscillator crystal tsoma baki tare da aikin wasu na'urori, na'urori da yadudduka.
(4) Layin siginar agogo ya kamata ya zama gajere kamar yadda zai yiwu, layin ya zama mafi fadi, kuma a sami ma'auni a cikin tsayin wayoyi kuma nesa da tushen zafi.
(5) Kada a sanya kristal oscillator a gefen allon PCB, musamman a cikin ƙirar katin allo.
