Printed Circuit Board (PCB) shine ainihin kayan lantarki da ake amfani da su a cikin kayan lantarki daban-daban da masu alaƙa. Wani lokaci ana kiran PCB PWB (Printed Wire Board). A da yana da yawa a Hong Kong da Japan, amma yanzu ya ragu (a zahiri, PCB da PWB sun bambanta). A cikin ƙasashen yamma da yankuna, ana kiranta PCB gabaɗaya. A Gabas tana da sunaye daban-daban saboda kasashe da yankuna daban-daban. Misali, ana kiranta da da'ira da'ira a kasar Sin gaba daya (wanda ake kira da printed circuit board), kuma ana kiranta PCB a Taiwan. Ana kiran allunan da'irar lantarki (circuit) substrates a Japan da substrates a Koriya ta Kudu.
PCB shine goyan bayan abubuwan lantarki da kuma mai ɗaukar haɗin wutar lantarki na abubuwan lantarki, galibi masu tallafi da haɗin kai. Daga waje zalla, saman allon da'irar galibi yana da launuka uku: zinariya, azurfa, da ja mai haske. Rarraba ta farashi: zinari shine mafi tsada, azurfa shine na biyu, ja mai haske shine mafi arha. Duk da haka, wiring ɗin da ke cikin allon kewayawa yawanci jan ƙarfe ne, wanda babu tagulla.
An ce har yanzu akwai karafa masu daraja da yawa akan PCB. An ba da rahoton cewa, a matsakaici, kowace wayar hannu ta ƙunshi 0.05g zinariya, 0.26g azurfa, da kuma 12.6g tagulla. Abun zinare na kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ya ninka na wayar hannu sau 10!
A matsayin goyon baya ga kayan aikin lantarki, PCBs suna buƙatar abubuwan siyarwa akan saman, kuma ana buƙatar wani ɓangare na Layer na jan karfe don fallasa don siyarwa. Ana kiran waɗannan sifofin tagulla da aka fallasa su pads. Gabaɗaya pads ɗin suna da rectangular ko zagaye tare da ƙaramin yanki. Sabili da haka, bayan an fentin abin rufe fuska, kawai jan ƙarfe a kan pads yana nunawa a iska.
Tagulla da aka yi amfani da su a cikin PCB yana da sauƙi oxidized. Idan jan karfe a kan kushin ya kasance oxidized, ba kawai zai zama da wahala a sayar da shi ba, amma kuma tsayayyar zai karu sosai, wanda zai shafi aikin ƙarshe na samfurin. Don haka, an lulluɓe pad ɗin da zinariyar ƙarfe marar ƙarfi, ko kuma a rufe saman da ruwan azurfa ta hanyar sinadarai, ko kuma a yi amfani da fim ɗin sinadari na musamman don rufe murfin tagulla don hana kushin tuntuɓar iska. Hana hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma kare kushin, ta yadda zai iya tabbatar da yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin m soldering tsari.
1. PCB laminate tagulla
Copper clad laminate abu ne mai siffar farantin karfe wanda aka yi shi ta hanyar sanya kyalle na gilashin gilashi ko wasu kayan ƙarfafawa tare da guduro a gefe ɗaya ko bangarorin biyu tare da foil na jan karfe da matsi mai zafi.
Ɗauki gilashin fiber na tushen tufaffiyar laminate tagulla a matsayin misali. Babban albarkatunsa sune foil na jan karfe, gilashin fiber fiber, da resin epoxy, wanda ke da kusan 32%, 29% da 26% na farashin samfur, bi da bi.
Kamfanin hukumar kewayawa
Copper clad laminate shine ainihin kayan bugu na allunan da'ira, kuma bugu da aka buga sune manyan abubuwan da ake buƙata don yawancin samfuran lantarki don cimma haɗin kai. Tare da ci gaba da haɓakar fasaha, ana iya amfani da wasu laminates na musamman na lantarki a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. ƙera kayan aikin lantarki da aka buga kai tsaye. Direbobin da ake amfani da su a allunan da’irar da aka buga gabaɗaya ana yin su ne da sirara mai tsabta kamar tagulla, wato foil ɗin tagulla a ƴar ƙunci.
2. PCB Immersion Gold Circuit Board
Idan zinariya da tagulla suna cikin hulɗa kai tsaye, za a sami amsa ta jiki na ƙaura na lantarki da yaduwa (dangantakar da ke tsakanin yuwuwar bambance-bambance), don haka Layer na "nickel" dole ne a sanya wutar lantarki a matsayin shinge mai shinge, sa'an nan kuma an sanya zinari a kan. saman nickel, don haka gabaɗaya muna kiransa Electroplated zinariya, ainihin sunansa yakamata a kira shi "gwal ɗin nickel electroplated".
Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin gwal mai wuya da zinariya mai laushi shine abun da ke tattare da launi na zinariya na karshe wanda aka yi masa ado. A lokacin da zinariya plating, za ka iya zabar zuwa electroplate zalla zinariya ko gami. Domin taurin zinariya tsantsa yana da ɗan laushi, ana kuma kiransa "zinari mai laushi" . Saboda "zinariya" na iya samar da kayan aiki mai kyau tare da "aluminum", COB zai buƙaci musamman kauri na wannan Layer na zinariya mai tsabta lokacin yin wayoyi na aluminum. Bugu da kari, idan ka zabi electroplated zinariya-nickel alloy ko zinariya-cobalt gami, domin gami zai zama da wuya fiye da zalla zinariya, shi kuma ake kira "hard zinariya".
Kamfanin hukumar kewayawa
An yi amfani da Layer ɗin da aka yi da zinari a ko'ina a cikin sassan sassan, yatsun zinariya, da shrapnel mai haɗawa na allon kewayawa. Mahaifiyar uwa na allunan da’ira na wayar hannu da aka fi amfani da su galibi alluna ne da aka yi wa zinari, allunan zinari da aka nutsar da su, da uwayen kwamfuta, da na’urar sauti da na’ura mai kwakwalwa, da kananan allunan da’irar dijital gaba daya ba allunan da aka yi da zinari ba.
Zinariya ce ta gaske. Ko da ma wani sirara ne kawai aka yi plate ɗin, ya riga ya ɗauki kusan kashi 10% na kuɗin da'irar. Amfani da zinari a matsayin plating Layer na ɗaya don sauƙaƙe walda da ɗayan don hana lalata. Hatta yatsan zinare na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da aka yi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru da yawa har yanzu yana yawo kamar da. Idan ka yi amfani da jan karfe, aluminum, ko baƙin ƙarfe, zai yi sauri ya yi tsatsa a cikin tarin tarkace. Bugu da ƙari, farashin farantin zinari yana da tsada sosai, kuma ƙarfin walda ba shi da kyau. Domin ana amfani da tsarin sanya nickel mara amfani, matsalar baƙar fata za ta iya faruwa. Layer nickel zai oxidize na tsawon lokaci, kuma dogara na dogon lokaci ma matsala ce.
3. PCB Immersion Silver Circuit Board
Azurfa Immersion yayi arha fiye da Immersion Zinariya. Idan PCB yana da buƙatun aikin haɗin haɗi kuma yana buƙatar rage farashi, Azurfa Immersion zaɓi ne mai kyau; haɗe tare da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali da tuntuɓar Immersion Azurfa, sannan a zaɓi tsarin Azurfa na Immersion.
Immersion Azurfa yana da aikace-aikace da yawa a cikin samfuran sadarwa, motoci, da kayan aikin kwamfuta, kuma yana da aikace-aikace cikin ƙirar sigina mai sauri. Tun da Immersion Azurfa yana da kyawawan kaddarorin lantarki waɗanda sauran jiyya na saman ba za su iya daidaitawa ba, kuma ana iya amfani da shi a cikin sigina masu ƙarfi. EMS yana ba da shawarar yin amfani da tsarin nutsewar azurfa saboda yana da sauƙin haɗawa kuma yana da mafi kyawun iya dubawa. Duk da haka, saboda lahani irin su ɓarna da ɓangarorin haɗin gwiwa, haɓakar azurfar nutsewa ta kasance a hankali (amma ba ta ragu ba).
fadada
Ana amfani da allon da'irar da aka buga azaman mai haɗin haɗaɗɗen kayan aikin lantarki, kuma ingancin allon kewayawa zai yi tasiri kai tsaye na kayan aikin lantarki masu hankali. Daga cikin su, ingancin plating na kwalaye da aka buga yana da mahimmanci musamman. Electroplating na iya inganta kariya, solderability, conductivity da juriya na allon kewayawa. A cikin tsarin masana'anta na allon da'ira da aka buga, electroplating wani muhimmin mataki ne. Ingancin electroplating yana da alaƙa da nasara ko gazawar tsarin gabaɗayan aiki da aikin allon kewayawa.
Babban hanyoyin sarrafa wutar lantarki na pcb sune tagulla plating, tin plating, nickel plating, plating gold da sauransu. Copper electroplating shine ainihin plating don haɗin wutar lantarki na allon kewayawa; tin electroplating wani yanayi ne da ya zama dole don samar da madaidaicin madauri a matsayin Layer na anti-lalata a cikin sarrafa tsari; nickel electroplating shine don sanya wani shinge na nickel a kan allon da'irar don hana ƙwayar jan karfe da zinare na Mutual; electroplating zinariya hana passivation na nickel surface saduwa da yi na soldering da lalata juriya na kewaye hukumar.