Kamar yadda girman abubuwan PCBA ke ƙara ƙarami kuma ƙarami, yawan yawa yana ƙaruwa kuma yana ƙaruwa; Tsayin da ke tsakanin na'urori da na'urori (filin farar / ƙasa tsakanin PCB da PCB) kuma yana ƙara ƙarami da ƙarami, kuma tasirin abubuwan muhalli akan PCBA shima yana ƙaruwa, don haka mun gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma don dogaro. PCBA na samfuran lantarki.
Abubuwan PCBA daga babba zuwa ƙanana, daga raɗaɗi zuwa yanayin canji mai yawa
Abubuwan muhalli da tasirin su
Common muhalli dalilai kamar zafi, kura, gishiri fesa, mold, da dai sauransu, haifar da daban-daban gazawar matsaloli na PCBA
Danshi a cikin yanayin waje na kayan aikin PCB na lantarki, kusan duk akwai haɗarin lalata, wanda ruwa shine mafi mahimmancin matsakaici don lalata, ƙwayoyin ruwa suna da ƙananan isa don shiga ratawar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta wasu kayan polymer a cikin ciki ko ta hanyar. da shafi pinholes isa a karkashin karfe lalata. Lokacin da yanayi ya kai wani ɗan zafi, zai iya haifar da ƙaura na PCB electrochemical, ɗigogi a halin yanzu da kuma murɗa sigina a cikin da'irori masu girma.
PCBA taro |SMT faci sarrafa | sarrafa allon walda | OEM lantarki taro | sarrafa allo facin - Gaotuo Electronic Technology
Tururi/danshi + gurɓataccen ionic (gishiri, masu aiki masu aiki) = electrolyte mai sarrafa + ƙarfin ƙarfin damuwa = ƙaurawar lantarki
Lokacin da RH a cikin yanayi ya kai 80%, za a sami fim ɗin ruwa mai kauri 5 zuwa 20, kowane nau'in kwayoyin halitta na iya motsawa cikin yardar kaina, lokacin da akwai carbon, na iya haifar da halayen electrochemical; Lokacin da RH ya kai 60%, saman Layer na kayan aiki zai samar da fim na ruwa tare da kauri na 2 zuwa 4 kwayoyin ruwa, kuma halayen sinadaran zasu faru lokacin da gurɓataccen abu ya narke a ciki. Lokacin da RH <20% a cikin yanayi, kusan dukkanin abubuwan lalata suna tsayawa;
Sabili da haka, kariya ta danshi muhimmin bangare ne na kariyar samfur.
Don na'urorin lantarki, danshi yana zuwa ta hanyoyi uku: ruwan sama, daskarewa, da tururin ruwa. Ruwa shine electrolyte wanda zai iya narkar da adadi mai yawa na ions masu lalata da ke lalata karafa. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na wani ɓangare na kayan aiki ya kasance a ƙasa da "raɓan raɓa" (zazzabi), za a yi tari a saman: sassa na tsari ko PCBA.
kura
Akwai ƙura a cikin sararin samaniya, kuma ƙurar tana adsorption ion pollutants don daidaitawa a cikin kayan lantarki da kuma haifar da gazawa. Wannan sigar gama gari ce ta gazawar lantarki a fagen.
An raba ƙura zuwa nau'i biyu: ƙaƙƙarfan ƙurar ƙura ba ta dace ba tare da diamita na 2.5 zuwa 15 microns, wanda gabaɗaya baya haifar da matsaloli kamar gazawa, arc, amma yana rinjayar lamba na haɗin haɗin; Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙura shine ɓangarorin da ba daidai ba tare da diamita na ƙasa da microns 2.5. Kyakkyawar ƙura tana da takamaiman mannewa akan PCBA (veneer) kuma ana iya cire ta da goge-goge.
Hadarin kura: a. Saboda ƙurar da ke kwance a saman PCBA, ana haifar da lalatawar electrochemical, kuma ƙimar gazawar ta karu; b. Dust + zafi mai zafi + fesa gishiri yana da mafi girman lalacewa ga PCBA, kuma gazawar kayan aikin lantarki sune mafi yawa a bakin teku, hamada (saline-alkali ƙasar), da masana'antar sinadarai da wuraren hakar ma'adinai kusa da Kogin Huaihe a lokacin mildew da lokacin ruwan sama. .
Sabili da haka, kariyar ƙura wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na kariya na samfurori.
Gishiri fesa
Samuwar feshin gishiri: feshin gishiri yana faruwa ne ta hanyar yanayi na yanayi kamar raƙuman ruwa, igiyoyi da yanayin yanayin yanayi (damina) matsin lamba, hasken rana, kuma zai faɗi cikin ƙasa tare da iska, hankalinsa yana raguwa tare da nisa daga bakin teku, yawanci 1Km daga bakin tekun shine kashi 1% na bakin tekun (amma guguwar za ta kara kadawa).
Illar fesa gishiri: a. lalata rufin sassan tsarin ƙarfe; b. Haɓaka ƙimar lalata ta hanyar lantarki yana haifar da karyewar waya ta ƙarfe da gazawar bangaren.
Makamantan tushen lalata: a. Akwai gishiri, urea, lactic acid da sauran sinadarai a cikin gumi na hannu, wadanda suke da illa iri daya ga kayan aikin lantarki kamar feshin gishiri, don haka ya kamata a sanya safar hannu yayin taro ko amfani da shi, kuma kada a taba abin rufe fuska da hannu; b. Akwai halogens da acid a cikin jujjuyawar, waɗanda yakamata a tsaftace su kuma sarrafa ragowar maida hankali.
Don haka, rigakafin feshin gishiri muhimmin sashi ne na kariyar samfur.
m
Mildew, sunan gama gari na fungi na filamentous, yana nufin "fungi mai laushi," wanda yakan haifar da mycelium mai ban sha'awa, amma ba sa samar da manyan 'ya'yan itace kamar namomin kaza. A wurare masu dausayi da ɗumi, abubuwa da yawa suna tsirowa wasu ɓangarorin da ake iya gani, masu ruwa ko kuma gizo-gizo, wato mold.
PCB mold sabon abu
Lalacewar mold: a. mold phagocytosis da yaduwa suna sa rufin kayan aikin ya ragu, lalacewa da gazawa; b. A metabolites na mold ne Organic acid, wanda rinjayar da rufi da lantarki juriya da kuma samar da baka.
PCBA taro |SMT faci sarrafa | sarrafa allon walda | OEM lantarki taro | sarrafa allo facin - Gaotuo Electronic Technology
Saboda haka, anti-mold wani muhimmin bangare ne na kariya na samfurori.
Yin la'akari da abubuwan da ke sama, dole ne a tabbatar da amincin samfurin mafi kyau, kuma dole ne a ware shi daga yanayin waje kamar yadda zai yiwu, don haka an gabatar da tsarin suturar siffar.
Bayan tsarin suturar PCB, tasirin harbi a ƙarƙashin fitilar shuɗi, murfin asali kuma na iya zama kyakkyawa sosai!
Uku anti-paint shafi yana nufin PCB surface mai rufi da wani bakin ciki Layer na rufi m Layer, shi ne a halin yanzu mafi yawan amfani da post-welding surface shafi hanya, wani lokacin da aka sani da surface shafi, shafi siffar shafi (Hausa sunan shafi, conformal shafi. ). Yana keɓance mahimman abubuwan lantarki daga mahalli masu tsauri, haɓaka aminci da amincin samfuran lantarki da haɓaka rayuwar samfuran. Rubutun masu juriya uku suna kare da'irori/nabubuwa daga abubuwan muhalli kamar danshi, gurɓataccen abu, lalata, damuwa, girgiza, girgiza injina da hawan zafi, yayin da kuma haɓaka ƙarfin injina da kaddarorin samfur.
Bayan tsari na sutura, PCB yana samar da fim mai kariya mai haske a saman, wanda zai iya hana kutsawa na beads na ruwa da danshi yadda ya kamata, kauce wa yabo da gajeren kewaye.
2. Main maki na shafi tsari
Dangane da bukatun IPC-A-610E (Electronic Assembly Testing Standard), an fi bayyana shi a cikin waɗannan bangarorin.
Complex PCB allon
1. Wuraren da ba za a iya shafa su ba:
Wuraren da ke buƙatar haɗin wutar lantarki, irin su gwal na zinariya, yatsun zinariya, karfe ta ramuka, ramukan gwaji; Batura da ma'aunin baturi; Mai haɗawa; Fuse da gidaje; Na'urar kashe zafi; Jumper waya; Ruwan tabarau na na'urorin gani; Potentiometer; Sensor; Babu maɓalli da aka rufe; Sauran wuraren da shafa zai iya shafar aiki ko aiki.
2. Yankunan da dole ne a mai rufi: duk kayan haɗin gwal, fil, masu gudanarwa na bangaren.
3. Wuraren da za a iya fenti ko a'a
kauri
Ana auna kauri akan lebur, mara tsangwama, wanda aka warke daga ɓangaren da'irar da aka buga, ko a kan farantin abin da aka makala wanda ke aiwatar da aikin masana'anta tare da sashin. Allolin da aka makala na iya zama na abu ɗaya da allon da aka buga ko wasu abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi, kamar ƙarfe ko gilashi. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da ma'aunin kaurin fim ɗin rigar azaman hanyar zaɓi don auna kauri, in dai an rubuta alaƙar juyawa tsakanin bushe da rigar fim ɗin.
Tebur 1: Matsakaicin kewayon kauri don kowane nau'in kayan shafa
Hanyar gwajin kauri:
1. Dry film kauri kayan aiki aunawa: a micrometer (IPC-CC-830B); b Ma'aunin Kaurin Fim Dry (Tsarin ƙarfe)
Micrometer bushe kayan aikin fim
2. Rigar kauri ma'auni: The kauri daga cikin rigar fim za a iya samu ta rigar fim kauri ma'auni, sa'an nan kuma lasafta da rabo daga cikin manne m abun ciki.
Kauri na bushe fim
Ana samun kaurin fim ɗin rigar ta hanyar ma'aunin kauri na fim ɗin, sa'an nan kuma an ƙididdige kauri mai bushe
Ƙaddamarwar gefen
Ma'anar: A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, fesa bawul ɗin fesa daga gefen layin ba zai zama madaidaiciya ba, koyaushe za a sami wani buro. Mun ayyana nisa na burr azaman ƙudurin gefen. Kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa, girman d shine ƙimar ƙudurin gefen.
Lura: Ƙaddamarwar gefen tabbas shine mafi ƙanƙanta mafi kyau, amma daban-daban bukatun abokin ciniki ba iri ɗaya ba ne, don haka ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙudirin da aka rufe muddin ya dace da bukatun abokin ciniki.
Kwatancen ƙudurin Edge
Uniformity, manne ya kamata ya zama kamar kauri na uniform da santsi m fim rufe a kan samfurin, da girmamawa ne a kan uniformity na manne da aka rufe a cikin samfurin sama da yankin, sa'an nan dole ne ya zama guda kauri, babu tsari matsaloli: fasa, stratification, orange Lines, gurbatawa, capillary sabon abu, kumfa.
Axis atomatik AC jerin atomatik shafi inji shafi sakamako, uniformity ne sosai m
3. Hanyar ganewa na tsarin sutura da tsarin sutura
Mataki na 1 Shirya
Shirya samfurori da manne da sauran abubuwan da ake bukata; Ƙayyade wurin kariyar gida; Ƙayyade cikakkun bayanan tsari na maɓalli
Mataki na 2 Wanke
Ya kamata a tsaftace shi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan walda don hana datti walda daga kasancewa mai wuyar tsaftacewa; Ƙayyade ko babban gurɓataccen abu ne na polar ko wanda ba na iyakacin duniya ba don zaɓar wakili mai tsaftacewa mai dacewa; Idan ana amfani da wakili mai tsaftace barasa, dole ne a kula da al'amura na aminci: dole ne a sami kyakkyawan iska da sanyaya da ka'idojin bushewa bayan wankewa, don hana ragowar sauran ƙarfi volatilization lalacewa ta hanyar fashewa a cikin tanda; Tsabtace ruwa, wanke juzu'i tare da ruwa mai tsabta na alkaline (emulsion), sannan kuma wanke ruwa mai tsabta tare da ruwa mai tsabta don saduwa da ma'aunin tsaftacewa;
3. Kariyar rufewa (idan ba a yi amfani da kayan shafa mai zaɓi ba), wato, abin rufe fuska;
Ya kamata a zaɓi fim ɗin da ba a ɗaure ba ba zai canja wurin tef ɗin takarda ba; Ya kamata a yi amfani da tef ɗin anti-static don kariya ta IC; Dangane da bukatun zane-zane, wasu na'urori suna kariya;
4.Dehumidify
Bayan tsaftacewa, PCBA mai kariya (bangaren) dole ne a riga an bushe shi kuma a cire shi kafin shafi; Ƙayyade zafin jiki/lokacin bushewa bisa ga zafin da PCBA ya yarda (bangaren);
Tebura 2: Ana iya ba da izinin PCBA (bangaren) don ƙayyade yawan zafin jiki/lokacin teburin bushewa.
Mataki na 5 Aiwatar
Hanyar hanyar shafa ta dogara ne akan buƙatun kariya na PCBA, kayan aikin da ake da su da kuma tanadin fasaha na yanzu, waɗanda galibi ana samun su ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
a. Goga da hannu
Hanyar zanen hannu
Brush shafi ne mafi yadu zartar tsari, dace da kananan tsari samar, PCBA tsarin ne hadaddun da m, bukatar garkuwa kariya bukatun na m kayayyakin. Domin gogewa na iya sarrafa abin da ake so, sassan da ba a yarda a fentin su ba za su gurɓata; Brush amfani da mafi ƙarancin abu, wanda ya dace da farashin mafi girma na suturar sassa biyu; Tsarin goge-goge yana da manyan buƙatu ga ma'aikaci, kuma zane-zane da abubuwan da ake buƙata don shafa ya kamata a nutsar da su a hankali kafin a yi gini, kuma ana iya gano sunayen abubuwan PCBA, kuma a liƙa alamomi masu ɗaukar ido a cikin sassan da ba a yarda da su ba. a shafa. Ba a yarda mai aiki ya taɓa filogin da aka buga da hannu a kowane lokaci don guje wa gurɓatawa;
PCBA taro |SMT faci sarrafa | sarrafa allon walda | OEM lantarki taro | sarrafa allo facin - Gaotuo Electronic Technology
b. tsoma da hannu
Hanyar tsoma hannun hannu
Tsarin suturar tsoma yana samar da sakamako mafi kyau, yana ba da damar yin amfani da uniform, ci gaba da shafi a kowane ɓangare na PCBA. Tsarin suturar tsomawa bai dace da abubuwan PCBA tare da masu iya daidaitawa ba, muryoyin trimmer, potentiometers, cores mai siffar kofi da wasu na'urori marasa kyau.
Mabuɗin maɓalli na tsarin suturar tsoma:
Daidaita danko mai dacewa; Sarrafa saurin da aka ɗaga PCBA don hana kumfa daga kafa. Yawancin lokaci ba fiye da mita 1 a kowace sakan na karuwa ba;
c. Fesa
Fesa ita ce hanyar tsari da aka fi amfani da ita kuma cikin sauƙi, wacce ta kasu kashi biyu masu zuwa:
① Yin feshi da hannu
Tsarin feshi da hannu
Ya dace da halin da ake ciki cewa workpiece ya fi rikitarwa kuma yana da wuya a dogara ga kayan aiki na atomatik don samar da taro, kuma ya dace da yanayin cewa layin samfurin yana da nau'i mai yawa amma adadin yana da ƙananan, kuma ana iya fesa shi zuwa matsayi na musamman.
Ya kamata a lura da spraying da hannu: hazo mai fenti zai gurɓata wasu na'urori, kamar su PCB plug-ins, IC soket, wasu lambobi masu mahimmanci da wasu sassa na ƙasa, waɗannan sassan suna buƙatar kula da amincin kariya ta kariya. Wani batu kuma shi ne cewa ma'aikacin bai kamata ya taɓa filogin da aka buga da hannu ba a kowane lokaci don hana gurɓata fuskar filogi.
② Yin feshi ta atomatik
Yawancin lokaci yana nufin fesa atomatik tare da zaɓin kayan shafa. Dace da taro samar, mai kyau daidaito, high daidaici, kadan gurbata muhalli. Tare da haɓaka masana'antu, haɓaka farashin aiki da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun kariyar muhalli, kayan aikin fesa ta atomatik a hankali yana maye gurbin sauran hanyoyin shafi.