Copper shafi wani muhimmin sashi ne na ƙirar PCB. Ko yana cikin gida PCB zane software ko wasu kasashen waje Protel, PowerPCB samar da fasaha shafi shafi aiki, don haka ta yaya za mu iya amfani da jan karfe?

Abin da ake kira zubewar tagulla shine a yi amfani da sararin da ba a yi amfani da shi akan PCB azaman abin nuni ba sannan a cika shi da tagulla mai ƙarfi. Wadannan wuraren tagulla kuma ana kiran su da cikon tagulla. Muhimmancin suturar jan ƙarfe shine don rage rashin ƙarfi na waya ta ƙasa da kuma inganta ƙarfin tsangwama; rage raguwar wutar lantarki da inganta ingantaccen wutar lantarki; haɗi tare da waya ta ƙasa kuma na iya rage wurin madauki.

Domin yin PCB a matsayin rashin karkata kamar yadda zai yiwu yayin saida, yawancin masana'antun PCB kuma suna buƙatar masu zanen PCB su cika buɗaɗɗen wuraren PCB da tagulla ko wayoyi na ƙasa kamar grid. Idan an yi amfani da murfin jan karfe ba daidai ba, riba ba zai zama darajar asara ba. Shin rufin jan karfe "ya fi fa'ida fiye da rashin amfani" ko "cutawa fiye da fa'ida"?

Kowane mutum ya san cewa ƙarfin da aka rarraba na na'ura mai kwakwalwa da aka buga zai yi aiki a manyan mitoci. Lokacin da tsayin ya fi 1/20 na madaidaicin madaidaicin zangon amo, tasirin eriya zai faru, kuma za a fitar da hayaniya ta hanyar wayoyi. Idan akwai ƙarancin jan ƙarfe a cikin PCB, zuba tagulla ya zama kayan aikin haɓaka amo. Saboda haka, a cikin da'irar mai girma, kada kuyi tunanin cewa an haɗa waya ta ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Wannan shine "wayar ƙasa" kuma dole ne ta kasance ƙasa da λ/20. Punch ramukan a cikin wayoyi zuwa "ƙasa mai kyau" tare da jirgin ƙasa na allon multilayer. Idan an kula da murfin tagulla da kyau, murfin tagulla ba wai kawai yana haɓaka halin yanzu ba, har ma yana da rawar dual na tsoma baki.

Gabaɗaya akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na asali don shafan jan karfe, wato babban yanki na jan karfe da grid jan. Ana yawan tambayar ko babban yanki na jan karfe ya fi grid tagulla shafi. Ba shi da kyau a yi gabaɗaya. me yasa? Babban yanki na jan karfe yana da ayyuka biyu na haɓaka halin yanzu da garkuwa. Koyaya, idan an yi amfani da murfin tagulla mai girman yanki don siyar da igiyar ruwa, allon yana iya ɗaga sama har ma da blisters. Sabili da haka, don rufin jan karfe mai girma, ana buɗe ramuka da yawa gabaɗaya don sauƙaƙa kumburin tagulla. Ana amfani da grid mai tsabta mai tsabta na tagulla don yin garkuwa, kuma an rage tasirin ƙara yawan halin yanzu. Daga hangen nesa na zafi mai zafi, grid yana da kyau (yana rage dumama saman jan karfe) kuma yana taka rawa a cikin garkuwar lantarki. Amma ya kamata a nuna cewa grid yana kunshe da alamu a cikin kwatance. Mun san cewa don kewayawa, nisa na alamar yana da daidai "tsawon wutar lantarki" don mitar aiki na allon kewayawa (ainihin girman yana raba ta hanyar mitar dijital daidai da mitar aiki yana samuwa, duba littattafai masu alaƙa don cikakkun bayanai. ). Lokacin da mitar aiki ba ta da girma sosai, illar layin grid bazai bayyana a fili ba. Da zarar tsawon wutar lantarki ya dace da mitar aiki, zai zama mara kyau. An gano cewa kwata-kwata na da’ira ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata, kuma ana yada sakonnin da ke kawo cikas ga aikin na’urar a ko’ina. Don haka ga abokan aiki waɗanda ke amfani da grid, shawarata ita ce zaɓi bisa ga yanayin aiki na hukumar da'ira da aka ƙera, kar ku manne da abu ɗaya. Sabili da haka, da'irori masu girma suna da buƙatu masu yawa don grid mai ma'ana da yawa don hana tsangwama, da ƙananan mitoci, da'irori tare da manyan igiyoyi, da dai sauransu ana amfani da su kuma cikakke tagulla.

Muna bukatar mu kula da wadannan batutuwa domin cimma burin da ake so na jan karfe zuba a cikin tagulla zuba:

1. Idan PCB yana da filaye da yawa, kamar SGND, AGND, GND, da dai sauransu, bisa ga matsayin kwamitin PCB, babban "ƙasa" ya kamata a yi amfani da shi azaman ma'anar zuba jarurruka da kansa. Ƙasar dijital da ƙasan analog an rabu da tagulla zuba. A lokaci guda, kafin zub da tagulla, da farko ƙara ƙarfin haɗin wutar lantarki mai dacewa: 5.0V, 3.3V, da dai sauransu, ta wannan hanyar, polygons da yawa na siffofi daban-daban an kafa su.

2. Don haɗin kai ɗaya zuwa filaye daban-daban, hanyar ita ce haɗi ta hanyar 0 ohm resistors, magnetic beads ko inductance;

3. Copper-sanye kusa da crystal oscillator. The crystal oscillator a cikin da'irar ne mai high-mita watsi da hayaki. Hanyar ita ce a kewaye kristal oscillator da jan karfe, sannan a niƙa harsashin oscillator na crystal daban.

4. Matsalar tsibirin (matattu), idan kuna tsammanin yana da girma sosai, ba zai yi tsada ba don ayyana ƙasa ta hanyar da ƙara shi.

5. A farkon na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, ya kamata a bi da waya ta ƙasa. Lokacin da ake yin wayoyi, ya kamata a binne wayar ƙasa da kyau. Ba za a iya ƙara fil ɗin ƙasa ta ƙara ta hanyar ba. Wannan tasirin yana da muni sosai.

6. Zai fi kyau kada a sami kusurwoyi masu kaifi a kan jirgi (<= 180 digiri), saboda daga hangen nesa na lantarki, wannan ya zama eriya mai watsawa! Koyaushe za a yi tasiri a kan wasu wurare, kawai ko babba ne ko ƙarami. Ina ba da shawarar yin amfani da gefen baka.

7. Kada a zuba tagulla a cikin bude wuri na tsakiyar Layer na multilayer board. Domin yana da wahala a gare ku ku yi wannan "ƙasa mai kyau" tagulla.

8. Ƙarfe a cikin kayan aiki, irin su radiators na ƙarfe, sassan ƙarfafa ƙarfe, da dai sauransu, dole ne ya zama "ƙasa mai kyau".

9. Ƙarfe mai zubar da zafi na mai kula da tasha uku dole ne ya kasance da kyau. Titin keɓewar ƙasa kusa da oscillator dole ne ya zama ƙasa sosai. A takaice: idan an magance matsalar tagulla a kan PCB, tabbas "riba ce ta fi rashin amfani". Zai iya rage wurin dawowar layin siginar kuma ya rage kutsawar wutar lantarki ta siginar zuwa waje.