01
Tsarin wutar lantarki mai alaƙa

Da'irori na dijital sau da yawa suna buƙatar igiyoyin da ba za su daina ba, don haka ana haifar da igiyoyin ruwa don wasu na'urori masu sauri.

Idan alamar wutar lantarki tana da tsayi sosai, kasancewar inrush current zai haifar da ƙara mai girma, kuma wannan ƙarar mai girma za a shigar da shi cikin wasu sigina. A cikin da'irar da'irar sauri, babu makawa za a sami inductance na parasitic, juriya na parasitic da ƙarfin parasitic, don haka ƙarar mai girma za ta kasance tare da sauran da'irori, kuma kasancewar inductance na parasitic zai haifar da ikon jurewa. Matsakaicin hauhawar halin yanzu Ragewa, wanda hakan ke haifar da juzu'in juzu'in wutar lantarki, wanda zai iya kashe da'ira.

Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci musamman don ƙara capacitor na kewaye a gaban na'urar dijital. Mafi girman ƙarfin ƙarfin, ƙarfin watsawa yana iyakancewa ta hanyar watsawa, don haka babban ƙarfin aiki da ƙaramin ƙarfin aiki gabaɗaya ana haɗa su don saduwa da cikakken kewayon mitar.

Guji wurare masu zafi: sigina ta hanyar za ta haifar da ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiyar wutar lantarki da layin ƙasa. Saboda haka, rashin ma'ana ta hanyar amfani da tawul na iya ƙara yawan halin yanzu a wasu wuraren samar da wutar lantarki ko jirgin ƙasa. Wadannan wuraren da yawan yawa na yanzu ya karu ana kiran su wurare masu zafi.

Don haka, dole ne mu yi iya ƙoƙarinmu don guje wa wannan yanayin yayin saita vias, don hana tsagewar jirgin, wanda a ƙarshe zai haifar da matsalolin EMC.

Yawancin lokaci hanya mafi kyau don kauce wa wurare masu zafi shine sanya vias a cikin tsarin raga, ta yadda yawancin halin yanzu ya zama iri ɗaya, kuma jiragen ba za a ware su ba a lokaci guda, hanyar dawowa ba za ta yi tsawo ba, kuma matsalolin EMC ba faruwa.

02
Hanyar lankwasawa na alamar

Lokacin shimfiɗa layukan sigina masu sauri, guje wa lanƙwasa layin siginar gwargwadon yiwuwa. Idan dole ne ku lanƙwasa alamar, kar a gano ta a kusurwa mai girma ko dama, amma a maimakon haka ku yi amfani da kusurwa mai ɓoye.

Lokacin shimfiɗa layukan sigina mai sauri, muna yawan amfani da layin macizai don cimma tsayin daidai. Layin macijin iri ɗaya shine ainihin nau'in lanƙwasa. Ya kamata a zaɓi faɗin layi, tazara, da hanyar lanƙwasa duk a hankali, kuma tazara yakamata ya dace da ka'idar 4W/1.5W.

03
kusancin sigina

Idan nisa tsakanin layukan sigina mai sauri ya yi kusa sosai, yana da sauƙi don samar da taɗi. Wani lokaci, saboda shimfidawa, girman firam ɗin allo da wasu dalilai, nisa tsakanin layin siginar mu mai sauri ya wuce mafi ƙarancin nisa da ake buƙata, sannan za mu iya ƙara nisa tsakanin layin sigina mai sauri gwargwadon yiwuwa kusa da kwalabe. nisa.

A zahiri, idan sararin ya isa, yi ƙoƙarin ƙara tazara tsakanin layukan sigina masu sauri guda biyu.

03
kusancin sigina

Idan nisa tsakanin layukan sigina mai sauri ya yi kusa sosai, yana da sauƙi don samar da taɗi. Wani lokaci, saboda shimfidawa, girman firam ɗin allo da wasu dalilai, nisa tsakanin layin siginar mu mai sauri ya wuce mafi ƙarancin nisa da ake buƙata, sannan za mu iya ƙara nisa tsakanin layin sigina mai sauri gwargwadon yiwuwa kusa da kwalabe. nisa.

A zahiri, idan sararin ya isa, yi ƙoƙarin ƙara tazara tsakanin layukan sigina masu sauri guda biyu.

05
Impedance ba ya ci gaba

Ƙimar maƙarƙashiya na alama gabaɗaya ya dogara da faɗin layinsa da nisa tsakanin alamar da jirgin sama. Mafi fadi da alama, da ƙananan impedance. A wasu tashoshi na mu'amala da na'urori, ƙa'idar kuma tana aiki.

Lokacin da aka haɗa kushin tashar tashar sadarwa zuwa layin sigina mai sauri, idan kushin yana da girma musamman a wannan lokacin, kuma layin siginar mai sauri ya kasance ƙunƙunta musamman, ƙarancin babban kushin yana ƙarami, kuma kunkuntar. alama dole ne ya sami babban impedance. A wannan yanayin, katsewar impedance zai faru, kuma tunanin siginar zai faru idan an dakatar da impedance.

Sabili da haka, don magance wannan matsala, an sanya takardar haramtacciyar tagulla a ƙarƙashin babban kushin na tashar sadarwa ko na'ura, kuma ana sanya jirgin sama na kushin a kan wani Layer don ƙara haɓaka don ci gaba da impedance.

Vias wani tushen katsewar impedance ne. Domin rage girman wannan tasirin, ya kamata a cire fata na jan karfe da ba dole ba da ke hade da Layer na ciki da ta hanyar.

A zahiri, ana iya kawar da irin wannan nau'in aiki ta kayan aikin CAD yayin ƙira ko tuntuɓar masana'antar sarrafa PCB don kawar da jan ƙarfe mara amfani da tabbatar da ci gaba da haɓaka.

Vias wani tushen katsewar impedance ne. Domin rage girman wannan tasirin, ya kamata a cire fata na jan karfe da ba dole ba da ke hade da Layer na ciki da ta hanyar.

A zahiri, ana iya kawar da irin wannan nau'in aiki ta kayan aikin CAD yayin ƙira ko tuntuɓar masana'antar sarrafa PCB don kawar da jan ƙarfe mara amfani da tabbatar da ci gaba da haɓaka.

An haramta shirya ta hanya ko kayan haɗin gwiwa a cikin nau'i mai ban mamaki. Idan an sanya vias ko aka gyara a cikin bambance-bambancen biyu, matsalolin EMC za su faru kuma dakatarwar impedance shima zai haifar.

Wasu lokuta, ana buƙatar haɗa wasu layukan sigina na bambance-bambance masu sauri a jere tare da capacitors masu haɗa haɗin gwiwa. Hakanan ana buƙatar daidaita capacitor na haɗin haɗin gwiwa daidai gwargwado, kuma kunshin capacitor ɗin haɗin gwiwa bai kamata ya zama babba ba. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da 0402, 0603 kuma abin karɓa ne, kuma capacitors sama da 0805 ko gefe-gefe capacitors sun fi dacewa kada a yi amfani da su.

Yawanci, vias zai samar da babbar impedance discontinuities, don haka high-gudun bambanci layin siginar nau'i-nau'i, kokarin rage vias, kuma idan kana so ka yi amfani da vias, shirya su symmetrically.

07
Daidai tsayi

A wasu mu'amalar sigina mai sauri, gabaɗaya, kamar motar bas, lokacin isowa da kuskuren jinkiri tsakanin layin siginar ɗaya yana buƙatar la'akari. Misali, a cikin gungun manyan motocin bas masu saurin tafiya daidai, lokacin isowar duk layin siginar bayanai dole ne a tabbatar da shi a cikin wani ɗan gajeren lokaci na kuskure don tabbatar da daidaiton lokacin saiti da lokacin riƙewa. Domin biyan wannan bukata, dole ne mu yi la'akari daidai tsayi.

Layin siginar sigina mai girma mai sauri dole ne ya tabbatar da tsayayyen lokacin layukan siginar guda biyu, in ba haka ba mai yuwuwar sadarwa ta gaza. Don haka, don biyan wannan buƙatu, ana iya amfani da layin maciji don cimma tsayi daidai, ta haka ya dace da lokacin da ake buƙata.

Ya kamata a sanya layin maciji gaba ɗaya a tushen asarar tsayi, ba a ƙarshen nesa ba. A tushen kawai za a iya watsa sigina a madaidaitan madaidaicin ƙarshen layin banbanta tare da aiki tare mafi yawan lokaci.

Ya kamata a sanya layin maciji gaba ɗaya a tushen asarar tsayi, ba a ƙarshen nesa ba. A tushen kawai za a iya watsa sigina a madaidaitan madaidaicin ƙarshen layin banbanta tare da aiki tare mafi yawan lokaci.

Idan akwai alamun guda biyu da aka lanƙwasa kuma tazarar da ke tsakanin su ba ta wuce 15mm ba, asarar tsayin da ke tsakanin su zai rama juna a wannan lokacin, don haka babu buƙatar yin aiki daidai da tsawon lokaci a wannan lokacin.

Don sassa daban-daban na layukan sigina daban-daban masu sauri, yakamata su kasance da tsayi daidai da kansu. Vias, serial coupling capacitors, da interface tashoshi duk layukan sigina na banbanci mai sauri ne zuwa kashi biyu, don haka kula da hankali a wannan lokacin.

Dole ne ya zama tsayi iri ɗaya daban. Domin yawancin software na EDA kawai suna mai da hankali ne kan ko an rasa duk wayoyi a DRC.

Don musayar abubuwa kamar na'urorin nuni na Lvds, za a sami nau'i-nau'i na daban-daban a lokaci guda, da kuma buƙatun lokacin jinkirin nau'i-nau'i ne, kuma bukatun jinkirin smorth ne musamman. Don haka, don irin waɗannan nau'ikan sigina daban-daban, gabaɗaya muna buƙatar su kasance cikin jirgi ɗaya. Yi diyya. Domin saurin watsa siginar yadudduka daban-daban ya bambanta.

Lokacin da wasu software na EDA suka ƙididdige tsawon alamar, alamar da ke cikin kushin kuma za a ƙididdige su a cikin tsayin. Idan an yi tsayin diyya a wannan lokacin, ainihin sakamakon zai rasa tsawon. Don haka kula da kulawa ta musamman a wannan lokacin lokacin amfani da wasu software na EDA.

A kowane lokaci, idan za ku iya, dole ne ku zaɓi hanyar da ta dace don guje wa buƙatar yin tuƙi na maciji na daidai tsayi.

Idan sararin samaniya ya ba da izini, gwada ƙara ƙaramin madauki a tushen gajeriyar layin don samun diyya, maimakon yin amfani da layin maciji don ramawa.