A cikin Tsarin PCB, karfin iko na lantarki (EMC) da kuma dangantaka da zaɓuɓɓuka na lantarki (EMC) sun kasance yawancin matsaloli don kai tsaye, kuma kayan aikin kwamitin yau da kullun suna buƙatar yanayin tsarin sauri.

1. Crosstalk da Wiring sune maki

Wayar tana da mahimmanci musamman don tabbatar da gudana na yau da kullun. Idan halin yanzu ya fito ne daga Oscillator ko wasu irin na'ura mai kama, yana da mahimmanci musamman don kiyaye na yanzu daga jirgin ƙasa, ko kuma kada ku bar na yanzu ya yi daidai da wani alama. Alamar da ke da sauri ta layi daya zasu samar da EMC da EMI, musamman crosstalk. Hanya mai haƙuri dole ne ta kasance mafi guntu, kuma dawowar yanzu dole ne ta gajarta kamar yadda zai yiwu. Tsawon hanyar dawowar dawowa yakamata ya zama daidai da tsawon lokacin da aka gano.

Don EMI, ana kiransa "mai ban sha'awa da ke wayoyi" da ɗayan kuma shine "wiring wanda aka cutar da shi". Hukumar shiga ciki da kyama ta shafi "wanda aka azabtar" wanda ya nuna saboda kasancewar filayen lantarki, don hakan ya biyo baya da kuma koma baya. A wannan yanayin, ripples za a haifar da tsayayyen yanayin da tsayin watsa da liyafar siginar kusan daidai yake.

A cikin yanayi mai kyau da ingantaccen yanayi, ramuka da ke haifar da haifar da juna don kawar da crosstalk. Koyaya, muna cikin ajizanci ajizai, kuma irin waɗannan abubuwa ba sa faruwa. Saboda haka, burin mu shine ci gaba da crosstalk na dukkanin mashahuri zuwa mafi karancin. Idan fadin tsakanin layi daya ya ninka sau biyu na layin, ana iya rage tasirin crosstalk. Misali, idan an nuna alamar alama shine 5 mils, mafi ƙarancin nisa tsakanin dabarun gudanar biyu ya kamata ya zama mil 10 ko fiye.

A matsayin sababbin kayan da sabbin kayan aikin suna ci gaba da bayyana, masu zanen PCB dole ne su ci gaba da magance matsalolin lantarki da kuma abubuwan da suka shiga tsakani.

2. Capacitory

Masu ɗaukar hoto na iya rage tasirin crosstalk. Ya kamata su kasance a tsakanin PIN mai bayar da wutar lantarki da filayen ƙasa na na'urar don tabbatar da ƙarancin amo da crosstalk. Don cimma ƙarancin haɓakawa akan kewayon mitar mai yawa, ya kamata a yi amfani da yawancin masu ɗaukar hoto da yawa.

Muhimmin ƙa'ida don sanya masu ɗaukar hoto shine cewa Capacitor tare da mafi ƙarancin ƙimar kamara ya kamata kusanci zuwa ga na'urar don rage tasirin gudanarwa a kan alama. Wannan kamfani na musamman yana da kusanci ga ikon PIN ko ƙarfin na'ur. Idan trace ya daɗe, yi amfani da VIAS MOIAS don rage yawan ƙasa.

3. Ground PCB

Hanya mafi mahimmanci don rage EMI shine tsara jirgin saman PCB. Mataki na farko shine sanya yankin ƙasa babba kamar yadda zai yiwu a cikin jimlar hukumar PCB, wanda zai iya rage wuce gona da iri, crosstalk da amo. Dole ne a kula ta musamman yayin haɗa kowane ɓangaren kowane ɓangaren ƙasa ko jirgin ƙasa ƙasa. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, aurin tsinkaye na ingantaccen jirgin saman ƙasa ba zai amfane shi sosai ba.

Kyakkyawan ƙawarku na PCB yana da madaidaicin Voltages. Daidai ne, kowane tunani na son rai yana da jirgin sama mai dacewa a ƙasa. Koyaya, idan ƙasa ta ƙasa ta yi yawa, zai ƙara farashin masana'antu na PCB kuma ku sanya farashin maɗaukaki. Yin sulhu shine amfani da jirage a wurare daban-daban zuwa biyar, kuma kowane jirgin ƙasa na iya ƙunsar ƙasa ƙasa da yawa. Wannan ba wai kawai yana sarrafa kudin masana'antu na jirgin da ke da'irar ba, amma kuma yana rage EMI da EMC.

Idan kana son rage EMC, tsarin ƙasa mai ɗorewa yana da matukar muhimmanci. A cikin PCB mai yawa-Layer, ya fi kyau a sami jirgin saman ƙasa mai aminci, maimakon ta rushe jirgin sama na yanzu, saboda yana da ƙananan siginar ƙasa, shine mafi kyawun hanyar sigina.

Tsawon lokacin siginar ta dawo ƙasa tana da mahimmanci. Lokaci tsakanin siginar da asalin sigina dole ne ya zama daidai, in ba haka ba zai haifar da eriya-kamar erenna-, yana yin wadatar makamashi a ɓangaren EMI. Hakanan, burbushi da ke watsa halin yanzu don / daga tushen siginar ya kamata ya zama gajere. Idan tsawon hanyar tushe kuma hanyar dawowa ba daidai ba ce, billa kuma zai faru, wanda zai kuma haifar da EMI.

4. Guji kwana 90 °

Don rage EMI, gujewa wiring, ta vias da sauran abubuwan da suke samar da kusurwa 90 °, saboda kusurwa dama zasu haifar da wadatarwa. A wannan kusurwar, kyaftin zai karu, kuma mai halayyar da ba zai canza ba, yana haifar da tunani sannan EMI. Don kauce wa kusurwoyi 90 °, ya kamata a sa shinge a kusurwoyin aƙalla a ƙuƙwalwa biyu 45 ° kusurwoyi.

5. Yi amfani da vas tare da taka tsantsan

A kusan dukkanin shimfidar PCB, dole ne a yi amfani da su don samar da haɗin kulawa tsakanin yadudduka daban-daban. Injiniyoyin PCB layout Injiniyoyi suna buƙatar a hankali musamman saboda vas samar da shiga da iyawa. A wasu halaye, za su kuma samar da tunani, saboda rashin halayyar zai canza lokacin da aka yi ta hanyar ganowa.

Har ila yau, tuna da wannan vas zai ƙara tsawon alamar da buƙatar yin daidai. Idan wata alama ce ta banbanci, ta kamata a guji vias kamar yadda zai yiwu. Idan ba za a iya kawar da shi ba, yi amfani da Vias a cikin wuraren da aka gano don ramawa don jinkiri a siginar da makoma.

6. Cable da kare kare

USBs dauke da da'irori na dijital da analog zai haifar da parasitic da gabatarwa na Parasitic da kuma haifar da matsaloli masu alaƙa da EMC. Idan ana amfani da kebul na tagulla, ana amfani da matakin haɗin kai, za a kawar da matakin ɗaurin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma an cire filin Magnetic Magnetic. Don siginar miji na mitar, kebul na kariya dole ne a yi amfani da shi, kuma dole ayi amfani da gaba da bayan USB dole ne a ƙasashe su kawar da tsangwama EM.

Garkuwar jiki shine kuɗa duka ko ɓangare na tsarin tare da kunshin ƙarfe don hana EMB ta shigar da da'irar PMB. Irin wannan garkuwar yana kama da akwati na kwalin kwalin asibiti, wanda ke rage girman eriya yana ɗaukar girman eriya kuma yana ɗaukar EMI.